万物简史 第202期:威力巨大的原子(16)

 　　It was while puzzling over this problem that Bohr was struck by a solution and dashed off his famous paper. Called "On the Constitutions of Atoms and Molecules," the paper explained how electrons could keep from falling into the nucleus¹ by suggesting that they could occupy only certain well-defined orbits. According to the new theory, an electron moving between orbits would disappear from one and reappear instantaneously in another without visiting the space between.

　　就是在思索这个问题的时候，玻尔突然想到一个答案，迅速写出了他的著名论文。论文的题目为《论原子和分子的构造》，认为电子只能留在某些明确界定的轨道上，不会坠入原子核。根据这种新的理论，在两个轨道之间运行的电子会在一个轨道消失，立即在另一轨道出现，而又不通过中间的空间。

　　原子

　　This idea—the famous "quantum leap"—is of course utterly² strange, but it was too good not to be true. It not only kept electrons from spiraling catastrophically into the nucleus; it also explained hydrogen's bewildering wavelengths³. The electrons only appeared in certain orbits because they only existed in certain orbits. It was a dazzling insight, and it won Bohr the 1922 Nobel Prize in physics, the year after Einstein received his.

　　这种见解——即著名的“量子跃迁”——当然是极其奇特的，而又实在太棒，不能不信。它不但说明了电子不会灾难性地盘旋着飞进原子核，而且解释了氢的令人费解的波长。电子只出现在某些轨道，因为它们只存在于某些轨道。这是个了不起的见解，玻尔因此获得了1922年——即爱因斯坦获得该奖的第二年——的诺贝尔物理学奖。

1 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

2 utterly   

adv.完全地，绝对地

参考例句：

• Utterly devoted to the people,he gave his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命。
• I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled.她的微笑使我完全陶醉了。

3 wavelengths   

n.波长( wavelength的名词复数 )；具有相同的/不同的思路；合拍；不合拍

参考例句：

• I find him difficult to talk to—we're on completely different wavelengths. 我没法和他谈话，因为我们俩完全不对路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation. 阳光由几种不同波长的射线组成。 来自辞典例句