万物简史 第205期:威力巨大的原子(19)

 　　Finally, in 1926, Heisenberg came up with a celebrated¹ compromise, producing a new discipline that came to be known as quantum mechanics. At the heart of it was Heisenberg's Uncertainty² Principle, which states that the electron is a particle but a particle that can be described in terms of waves.

　　1926年，海森伯终于想出个极好的妥协办法，提出了一种后来被称之为量子力学的新理论。该理论的核心是“海森伯测不准原理”。它认为，电子是一种粒子，不过是一种可以用波来描述的粒子。

　　原子模拟宇宙爆炸

　　The uncertainty around which the theory is built is that we can know the path an electron takes as it moves through a space or we can know where it is at a given instant, but we cannot know both. Any attempt to measure one will unavoidably disturb the other. This isn't a matter of simply needing more precise instruments; it is an immutable³ property of the universe.

　　作为建立该理论基础的“测不准原理”认为，我们可以知道电子穿越空间所经过的路径，我们也可以知道电子在某个特定时刻的位置，但我们无法两者都知道。任何想要测定其中之一的努力，势必会干扰其中之二。这不是个需要更精密的仪器的简单问题；这是宇宙的一种不可改变的特性。

1 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

2 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

3 immutable   

adj.不可改变的，永恒的

参考例句：

• Nothing in the world is immutable.世界没有一成不变的东西。
• They free our minds from considering our world as fixed and immutable.它们改变着人们将世界看作是永恒不变的观点。