托福口语练习 解释说明主动注意和被动注意间的区别

Using points and examples from the talk, explain the difference between active and passive attention.

请用对话中的观点和例子解释说明主动注意和被动注意间的区别。

Now listen to part of a talk in an Education class.

请听教育课上的部分内容。

One of the hardest parts of teaching is keeping your students' attention.

教学最困难的部分之一就是吸引学生的注意力。

Now, the key to doing this is understanding the concept of attention.

而吸引学生注意力的关键就在于理解注意力的概念。

Basically, there are two types of attention.

基本上来说，有两种注意力。

The first type is active, active attention is voluntary.

第一种是主动注意，主动注意是自发的行为。

It's when you intentionally² make yourself focus on something.

就是你有意地使自己关注某件事。

And since it requires effort, it's hard to keep up for long a time.

由于主动注意需要不断努力，所以想要长时间保持这种状态是很难的。

OK, so, um, let's say you are teaching a Biology class.

比如说你在上一节生物课。

And today's topic is frogs. All right?

而今天课上的内容是青蛙。

You're standing¹ in front of the room lecturing: a frog is a type of animal known as an amphibian³,

你站在教室前面讲课：青蛙是一种两栖动物

well, this isn't necessarily going to keep the students' interest.

好吧，这样基本上激不起学生们的兴趣。

But most of them will force themselves to pay active attention to your lecture.

但是大部分学生都会强迫自己主动注意你的讲课内容。

But it's only a matter of time before they get distracted.

不过，他们开始分散注意力只是时间问题。

Now, the other type of attention is passive attention, when it's involuntary.

另一种类型的注意力就是被动注意，是一种非自发的行为。

Passive attention requires no effort because it happens naturally.

被动注意并不需要什么努力就能做到，因为它是自然发生的行为。

If something is really interesting students don't have to force themselves to pay attention to it.

如果某个东西非常有趣的话，学生们根本不用强迫自己去关注它。

They do it without even thinking about it.

他们甚至不用想就会把注意力集中起来。

So back to our Biology lecture, you start talking about frogs and then you pull a live frog out of your briefcase⁴.

我们再回到我们的生物课堂上来，你开始讲关于青蛙的内容，然后从包里拿出来一只活的青蛙。

You're describing it while holding it up.

你在讲解的同时把它举了起来。

Show the students how long its legs are, and how they're used for jumping, for example.

比如向学生们展示青蛙的腿有多长，它们是如何用腿蹦跳的。

Then maybe even let the frog jump around a bit on the desk or the floor.

然后，也许甚至让青蛙在桌子上或者地上跳两下。

In this case, by doing something unexpected,

这种情况下，通过做一些意想不到的事情，

something more engaging, you can tap into their passive attention.

一些更让人投入的事情，你就能激起他们的被动注意力了。

And it can last much longer than active attention.

而且被动注意比主动注意持续的时间要长得多。

As long as the frog is still there your students will be interested.

只要青蛙还在，你的学生就会一直有兴趣。

1 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

3 amphibian   

n.两栖动物；水陆两用飞机和车辆

参考例句：

• The frog is an amphibian,which means it can live on land and in water.青蛙属于两栖动物，也就是说它既能生活在陆地上也能生活在水里。
• Amphibian is an important specie in ecosystem and has profound meaning in the ecotoxicology evaluation.两栖类是生态系统中的重要物种，并且对环境毒理评价有着深远意义。

4 briefcase   

n.手提箱，公事皮包

参考例句：

• He packed a briefcase with what might be required.他把所有可能需要的东西都装进公文包。
• He requested the old man to look after the briefcase.他请求那位老人照看这个公事包。