【突破英文词汇】per -- through, thoroughly

1. perforate /ˈpɜ:fəˌreɪt/

-- (literally, "bore through") make a hole or holes through; pierce; puncture¹

The physician said the tack² had gone through Betty's shoe and sock without perforating her skin.

医生说大头针穿过了贝蒂的鞋袜，但未刺伤她的皮肤。

 

 

2. permeate³ /ˈpə:mieit/

-- pass through; penetrate⁴; spread through

At breakfast the aroma⁵ of freshly brewed⁶ coffee permeates⁷ the kitchen and dining room.

吃早餐时刚泡好的咖啡的香味弥漫了整个厨房与饭厅。

 

 

3. perplex /pəˈpleks/

-- confuse thoroughly⁸; puzzle; bewilder

I need help with the fourth problem; it perplexes me. 

我需要人帮我解第四题；它使我困惑。

 

 

4. persist /pəˈsist/

-- (literally, "stand to the end") 1. continue in spite of opposition;refuse to stop; persevere⁹

2. continue to exist; last; endure

The teacher told Eric to stop whispering. When he persisted she sent him to the dean.

老师叫埃里克不要说悄悄话，当他依旧我行我素时，她让他去见系主任。

The rain is supposed to end in the morning, but it persisted through the afternoon and evening.

雨应该在早上停的，却持续下了一个下午和一个晚上。

 

 

5. perturb¹⁰ /pəˈtɜ:b/

-- disturb thoroughly or considerably¹¹; make uneasy; agitate¹²; upset

Maggie's parents were perturbed¹³ when they learned she had failed two subjects.

玛吉的父母知道她两科不及格时感到很不安。

 

 

6. perennial¹⁴ /pəˈreni:əl/

-- 1. continuing through the years; enduring; unceasing

2. plant that lives through the years

Authors have come and gone, but Shakespeare has remained a perennial favorite.

作家们昙花一现般地来了又走，只有莎士比亚成为人们永久的喜好。

Perennials¹⁵ like the azalea and forsythia bloom year after year.

多年生的植物如杜鹃、连翘一年接一年地开花。

 

 

7. pertinent¹⁶ /ˈpə:tinənt/

-- (literally, "reaching through to") connected with matter under consideration; to the point; related; relevant

Stick to the point; don't give information that is not pertinent.

紧扣主题，不要扯一些不相关的事。

1 puncture   

n.刺孔，穿孔；v.刺穿，刺破

参考例句：

• Failure did not puncture my confidence.失败并没有挫伤我的信心。
• My bicycle had a puncture and needed patching up.我的自行车胎扎了个洞，需要修补。

2 tack   

n.大头钉；假缝，粗缝

参考例句：

• He is hammering a tack into the wall to hang a picture.他正往墙上钉一枚平头钉用来挂画。
• We are going to tack the map on the wall.我们打算把这张地图钉在墙上。

3 permeate   

v.弥漫，遍布，散布；渗入，渗透

参考例句：

• Water will easily permeate a cotton dress.水很容易渗透棉布衣服。
• After a while it begins to permeate through your skin.过了一会，它会开始渗入你的皮肤。

4 penetrate   

v.透(渗)入；刺入，刺穿；洞察，了解

参考例句：

• Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
• The sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。

5 aroma   

n.香气，芬芳，芳香

参考例句：

• The whole house was filled with the aroma of coffee.满屋子都是咖啡的香味。
• The air was heavy with the aroma of the paddy fields.稻花飘香。

6 brewed   

调制( brew的过去式和过去分词 )； 酝酿； 沏（茶）； 煮（咖啡）

参考例句：

• The beer is brewed in the Czech Republic. 这种啤酒是在捷克共和国酿造的。
• The boy brewed a cup of coffee for his mother. 这男孩给他妈妈冲了一杯咖啡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 permeates   

弥漫( permeate的第三人称单数 )； 遍布； 渗入； 渗透

参考例句：

• Studies show that water vapor quickly permeates plastic packaging material. 研究证明水蒸汽能迅速渗入塑料封装材料。
• Democracy permeates the whole country. 民主主义（的思想）普及全国。

8 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

9 persevere   

v.坚持，坚忍，不屈不挠

参考例句：

• They are determined to persevere in the fight.他们决心坚持战斗。
• It is strength of character enabled him to persevere.他那坚强的性格使他能够坚持不懈。

10 perturb   

v.使不安，烦扰，扰乱，使紊乱

参考例句：

• Stellar passings can perturb the orbits of comets.行星的运行会使彗星的轨道发生扰动。
• They perturb good social order with their lie and propaganda.他们以谎言和宣传扰乱良好的社会秩序。

11 considerably   

adv.极大地；相当大地；在很大程度上

参考例句：

• The economic situation has changed considerably.经济形势已发生了相当大的变化。
• The gap has narrowed considerably.分歧大大缩小了。

12 agitate   

vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动

参考例句：

• They sent agents to agitate the local people.他们派遣情报人员煽动当地的民众。
• All you need to do is gently agitate the water with a finger or paintbrush.你只需要用手指或刷子轻轻地搅动水。

13 perturbed   

adj.烦燥不安的v.使（某人）烦恼，不安( perturb的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• I am deeply perturbed by the alarming way the situation developing. 我对形势令人忧虑的发展深感不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mother was much perturbed by my illness. 母亲为我的病甚感烦恼不安。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

14 perennial   

adj.终年的；长久的

参考例句：

• I wonder at her perennial youthfulness.我对她青春常驻感到惊讶。
• There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.有理科教学资格的老师一直都很短缺。

15 perennials   

n.多年生植物( perennial的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Name six perennials and six annuals suitable for indoor flower arrangement. 列出多年生及一年生花朵各六种，它们必须是适合插花的。 来自互联网
• Herbage can be divided into three categories: annuals, biennials, and perennials. 草本植物可分成一年生、二年生和多年生。 来自互联网

16 pertinent   

adj.恰当的；贴切的；中肯的；有关的；相干的

参考例句：

• The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
• These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。