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美国轰炸叙利亚 黎巴嫩压力难挡

BEKAA VALLEY, LEBANON—

As a U.S.-led coalition¹ begins bombing Islamist militant² targets in Syria, tensions are soaring in neighboring Lebanon. Syrian refugees continue to clamor to get in, fleeing battles and bombings. Violence is crossing the border into Lebanon, along with mistrust and fear.

美国领导的联盟开始轰炸叙利亚境内的伊斯兰国激进分子，导致邻国黎巴嫩的局势进一步紧张。叙利亚难民不断涌进黎巴嫩，逃避战火和轰炸。联合国称这是“当今时代最严重的人道危机”。暴力冲突、不信任和恐惧继续跨过边界扩散到黎巴嫩。

At this refugee camp in Lebanon, Syrian children jump in front of the camera, repeating what roughly translates to the slogan: “Victory or death.”

在黎巴嫩的这个难民营里，叙利亚孩子跳到摄影机前，不断地喊着口号：“不胜利，则灭亡！”

More than 1 million Syrian refugees are packed into Lebanon, a country of less than 5 million people.

已经有100多万叙利亚难民涌进了人口不到500万的黎巴嫩。

At this refugee camp, families crowd into one-room homes they built with plywood and cloth. The camp sheik, and father or grandfather to many of the people who live here, Khader al-Harfoush, said the families had no choice but to run.

难民营里的很多人把卡德尔?哈福什看作是领袖，甚至是父亲或祖父。哈福什说，逃到这里来的家庭别无出路。

He said the families in this camp stayed in Syria until their homes were under attack, and they ran away barefoot, with only the clothes on their backs.

“我们的家和工作场所被摧毁了，我们只能逃到黎巴嫩，我们一无所有，无家可归。”

Refugees say while Lebanon’s borders with Syria are technically³ open, many Syrians are not being allowed to cross for security reasons.

难民们说，虽然黎巴嫩和叙利亚的边界仍然开放，可是，很多叙利亚人因为安全问题被拒绝在黎巴嫩境外。

Last month, Islamist militias⁴ with Islamic State and the al-Nusra Front came in from Syria and attacked a border town in Lebanon, capturing Lebanese soldiers and killing⁵ others before retreating back into Syria. Militants⁶ later killed three soldiers and threatened more executions.

上个月，叙利亚境内的伊斯兰国激进分子和努斯拉阵线攻击了黎巴嫩的一座边境城镇，抓获和打死一些黎巴嫩军人后，撤回叙利亚。激进分子随后又杀害了3名黎巴嫩军人，并威胁要杀害更多。

Two more Lebanese soldiers were killed last week by a roadside bomb.

冲突还在继续。上星期，一枚路边炸弹又炸死了2名黎巴嫩军人。

At the camp, Ghuda Mohammad, her husband, and four children survive solely⁷ off aid vouchers⁸ worth less than $200 a month. She said the recent killings⁹ have caused authorities and regular Lebanese people to suspect that some Syrians support militant groups.

在难民营里，古达?默罕默德和她的丈夫以及4个孩子靠每月不到200美元的救济券渡日，她说，近来的屠杀让黎巴嫩政府和普通民众怀疑，一些叙利亚人在支持激进组织。

She said she feels like an outsider here, constantly watched with fear. Other refugees joke that security forces think all Syrians support the Islamic State. But the jokes draw more sighs than laughter.

“我们被当作外人，好像我们不是难民，事实上我们走在人群中，他们盯着我们看，好像我们不是难民。”

By the end of the year, officials expect there will be 1.5 million Syrians in Lebanon. U.N. High Commissioner¹⁰ for Refugees Antonio Guterres said for the Lebanese, the war is affecting every aspect of their lives.

联合国难民事务高级专员古特雷斯说，黎巴嫩人不仅饱受战争之苦，而且也受到难民营的困扰。

"The impact on the daily life of the Lebanese, on their salaries, on their rents, the impact on their school system, the health system, the infrastructure¹¹, water, electricity, all this requires massive solidarity¹² from the international community,” he said.

“黎巴嫩人民的日常生活受到影响，他们的薪水和房租受到影响，他们的学校、医疗系统、基础设施、水电受到影响，所有这一切都需要国际社会援助。”

The United Nations said the hundreds of millions of dollars in international aid is not enough to support the 3 million Syrians who have fled to other countries.

尽管国际社会拿出了巨额援助，可是联合国说，这远远不够救济逃亡到其他国家的另外300万叙利亚难民。

In less than a week more than 100,000 Syrians fled to Turkey, as Islamic State fighters continue to capture lands.

最近几天来，伊斯兰国激进分子继续攻城略地，导致10多万名叙利亚人逃到土耳其。

But as al-Harfoush, the grandfather-sheik, passes around a single cup of coffee, a tradition symbolic¹⁴ of friendship and unity¹³,

he said no amount of aid will be enough for the people who can not go home.

哈福什说，有多少钱都无法帮助那些不能返回家园的人。

He insisted people often forget refugees are people, too. "They just want to go home," he said, "and live their lives like they did before the war, when they were happy and their children were safe."

“我们希望回到自己的国家安全地生活，以前我们在自己的国家里很快乐。我们是人，我们只想养家糊口，让孩子们过上安稳的日子。”

UNHCR contingency¹⁵ plan for Syrian Kurd refugees

Meanwhile, the United Nations refugee agency said on Tuesday it was making contingency plans for all 400,000 inhabitants of the Syrian Kurdish town of Kobani to flee into Turkey to escape advancing Islamic State militants.

Some 138,000 Syrian Kurdish refugees have entered Turkey in an exodus¹⁶ that began last week, and two border crossing points remain open, the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees said.

"We are preparing for the whole population fleeing into Turkey. The population of Kobani is 400,000,'' UNHCR chief spokeswoman Melissa Fleming told a news briefing in Geneva.

"We don't know, but we are preparing for that contingency.''

Syrian Kurds battled to defend a key border town from an Islamic State advance on Monday as Kurdish youths from Turkey rushed to their aid.

"Our biggest worry would be if Kobani itself fell,'' Rupert Colville, U.N. human rights spokesman, told the briefing.

At least 105 villages around Kobani have been captured by Islamic State forces since Sept. 15, including at least 85 over the weekend, he said. The U.N. rights office had reports that an additional 100 villages had been abandoned or evacuated¹⁷ for fear of being captured, he added.

The Kobani region is also host to between 200,000 and 400,000 Syrians displaced from other parts of the country including Raqqa, Aleppo and Homs, Colville said.

Fleming called for support for the government of Turkey and other neighboring countries hosting more than 3 million Syrian refugees: "The 138,000 who just arrived in Turkey represents the number that all of Europe has taken in three years of the Syria war.''