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实地报道：约旦难民营里的艰辛

The Syrian refugee crisis is growing worse by the day as host countries face economic and political pressures as they struggle to deal with the hundreds of thousands of Syrians who have fled their war-torn nation. In Jordan, about 80% of the 620,000 registered Syrian refugees are living in urban areas. But what about the remaining 20%? Jordan's newest Syrian refugee camp, Azraq, was opened six months ago to relieve some of the pressure from urban areas by housing 130,000 people. But so far, just 15,000 refugees have moved in.

一份报告显示，叙利亚的邻国目前禁止难民入境，导致能够逃离战乱的叙利亚人数量剧减。国际救援委员会和挪威难民理事会说，部分责任在国际社会，因为国际社会没有支援接受难民的国家，使这些国家不堪重负。约旦照顾着62万登记在案的叙利亚难民，其中绝大多数人被安置在城市，导致城里资源紧张。为了减轻一部分压力，当地官员6个月前开设了另一个叫做阿兹拉克的难民营，争取在那里接纳13万人。目前已经住进了1万5千人。

About 100 kilometers east of the Jordanian capital, Amman, lies an arid¹ desert. Sitting on 9 square miles of it is the Azraq refugee camp.

在约旦首都安曼以东约100公里远的地方有一片干旱的沙漠。占地面积9平方公里的阿兹拉克难民营就在这里。

Abdullah Ali al-Qasim arrived three months ago. He left Syria after seeing eight of his family members killed in a missile attack. But he still wants to return.

阿卜杜拉三个月前来到了这里。他在目睹他的8位家人在一次导弹袭击中死亡之后，逃离了叙利亚。但他现在仍然想回去。

He said the rats, the high prices at the market and poor food quality are making life in what he calls an open-air prison impossible.

因为这里老鼠泛滥、物价高昂、食物难吃，使得生活在这个被他称作“开放式监狱”的地方非常艰难。

“The rest of my family is still in Syria, and I talk to them and they want to come, but I’m telling them not to come, because it’s not in their interests. They’re under the warplanes and bombardment every day in a village, they’re displaced going from village to village, but there is still better, it’s enough that they’re free," said al-Qasim.

他说：“我的其他家人还在叙利亚。我跟他们谈过，他们很想来。但我让他们不要来，因为他们不会喜欢这里。他们每天生活在轰炸机和炮火之下，从一个村庄转移到另一个村庄。但仍然比这里好，至少他们是自由的。”

By free, Abdullah means they can move around however they want. Here, there’s no work for him, and the $28 he receives every month is barely enough to feed his son. But he can't leave the camp unless a Jordanian vouches³ for him.

阿卜杜拉所说的自由是，他们可以去任何想去的地方。而在这里是不可能的，而且他每月领到的28美元仅勉强够喂养他的儿子。但是，如果没有约旦人担保，他就不能离开难民营。

“My relatives are Syrian, and they can’t be the person vouching⁴ for me.  It has to be a Jordanian related to me by blood or marriage, and there have to be security procedures,” he explained.

他说： “我的亲戚都是叙利亚人，他们不能作为我的担保人。必须是和我有血缘或婚姻关系的约旦人才可以，而且还要经过安保程序。”

Still, Abdullah's neighbors have it worse. Nearby, an elderly mother who did not want to give her name lives with her two adult daughters and their eight sons. They arrived only days ago.

阿卜杜拉的邻居们处境更糟。附近有一位年长的母亲拒绝担保她的两个成年女儿和她们的8个儿子生活在这里。他们是前几天才来的。

“We practically died coming over, it was awful. We were in the desert for three days, without water, and the kids were going to die without water but it was all to get away from Bashar’s bombings,” she said.

一位不愿公开姓名的叙利亚难民谈到，“我们是九死一生逃过来的，太可怕了。我们在沙漠里待了三天，没有水。孩子们因为脱水差点死掉，这都是为了逃离巴沙尔的轰炸。”

All three lost their husbands under tragic⁵ circumstances.

谈到逃难时的惨状，一位不愿透露姓名的母亲说：

“I was next to him, and he was shot, the bullet went into him here and out from here. They shot him deliberately⁶, face to face. And now nobody asks about how my kids are doing. No religion would accept this. What state would accept this?" she said.

“我那时在他旁边，他被击中，子弹从这儿打进来，从这儿穿出去。他们是故意射中他的，面对面。现在没有人关心我的孩子们怎么样。”

Watching his father get killed has left serious marks on Mohammed. He doesn’t talk much anymore, and stays with his mother most of the time.

亲眼目睹自己的父亲被杀害，这给年幼的穆罕默德的内心带来沉重的创伤。他大部分时间和母亲带在一起，不太说话。

Like Mohammed, more than half of the inhabitants at the camp are children, but many are even less fortunate than he is, having lost their entire families. A number of aid agencies are focused just on helping⁷ soothe⁸ that trauma⁹. Safety is another priority, and a key agency, CARE, has built a cultural center in the center of the village.

在难民营，超过半数的居民都和穆罕默德一样，还是孩子。然而他们中的一些人比他更不幸，他们失去了几乎所有的亲人。一些援助机构只是重点帮助抚平这种精神创伤。安全，是另一个首要课题。其中一家主要机构，美国援外合作署，在村子的中心设立了一个文化中心，希望可以帮助改善这里的情况。

On one recent day, they celebrated¹⁰ a holiday with traditional Syrian music.

Mahmoud used to play in Damascus bars and restaurants before the war broke out. He’s been at the camp with his family for one month but wants to leave.

“There are a lot of bad things that happened here in the camp, a lot of bad things.  Life here isn’t livable. I’m hoping to submit for someone to vouch² for me,” said Mahmoud.

But that may take some time. Overcrowded urban areas, such as refugee camps in Amman, are not a much better alternative. Refugees can’t get work permits and the rents are inflated¹¹.

For now, brief moments of what once was will have to do.