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骚乱十周年 法国为被忽视的郊区寻找答案

The terrorist attacks in France in January and fears of more to come are casting a spotlight¹ on the country's neglected suburbs. Home to many immigrants and sometimes hubs of crime, they were rocked by rioting a decade ago. Since then, some things have changed, others have not.

由于1月份发生的恐怖袭击以及对发生更多袭击的恐惧，人们把目光聚集法国被忽视的市郊地区。市郊是许多移民的聚居地，有些地方还是犯罪的中心。十年前在两名少年被电死后，市郊曾发生骚乱。2005年的骚乱在巴黎市郊的克利希丛林(Clichy-sous-Bois)首先爆发。美国之音记者走访了当地，向我们展示哪些方面发生了改变，而哪些没有。

Market day in Clichy-sous-Bois - a time to chat and buy items from the home country. Many residents and their forebears immigrated² here from North and sub-Saharan Africa. They were looking for better opportunities.

这一天是克利希丛林的市场日，是人们畅聊以及购买自己祖国产品的时候。许多居民和他们的祖先从北非及撒哈拉以南的非洲地区移民至此，寻找更好的机会。

Not everybody found them. In 2005, this Paris suburb exploded into violence after two teenagers were electrocuted as they hid from police. Most people here say pent up anger about the lack of jobs and a future helped fuel the riots that spread across the country.

然而，并不是所有人都找到了。2005年，两名少年因为逃避警察追捕遭到电击而死之后，这个巴黎市郊地区爆发了骚乱。这儿的大多数人说，缺少就业机会和看不到未来造成的被压抑的愤怒助长了这场传遍全国的骚乱。

Clichy-sous-Bois today looks very different. The state has invested massively in infrastructure³. Old-timers like 66-year-old Yaya Jaiel, from Algeria, praise the results.

今天的克利希丛林看起来很不一样。国家大规模投入基础设施建设。亚雅?哈伊尔来自阿尔及利亚，像他一样的老人对结果表示称赞。

He says lots of things have changed, small apartment buildings with balconies have replaced massive, peeling towers.

他说：“他们拆除了所有那些破旧的高楼大厦，代之以那边那些你可以看见的小楼。很多事情发生了改变。”

Some things, however, have not. According to 18-year-old Mehdi Hassani, who is studying to be an electrician, it’s really hard to find a job, especially for Clichy residents like himself. He says they are still identified by the 2005 riots and still considered delinquents⁴ and drug addicts⁵.

但是有些事情并没有改变。问问18岁的迈赫迪?哈桑尼就知道了。他在学习如何成为电工。他说：“真的很难找到工作，尤其是住在这儿的人。我们仍然被2005年的骚乱打上标识。我们仍然被认为是赖账的人和瘾君子。”

Nearly half of Clichy’s population is under 25. More than a third are jobless. A tramway is under construction, but for now, the only easy way out of here is by car.

克利希近半的人口都在25岁以下，他们中1/3的人失业。一条电车轨道正在修建当中，但是目前离开这里唯一便捷的办法就是开车。

Pierre Mouget - who heads Mission Locale, an agency that helps young people find jobs - says because of Clichy’s transportation problems, businesses are reluctant to move here, and many young people have a difficult time commuting⁶ to jobs elsewhere.

皮埃尔?穆盖是“本地任务”(Mission Locale)的主管，这是一家帮助年轻人找工作的机构。他说：“我们存在交通问题，这在克利希很难，也是这里商家这么少的原因之一。”

The Paris shootings in January, which involved three Islamist attackers, again focused the spotlight on France’s neglected suburbs. That’s where the attackers came from, but activist⁷ Mehdi Bigaderne says suburbs like Clichy are no more likely to produce terrorists than any other part of France. He's co-founder of ACLEFEU, a citizens' empowerment group set up after the riots. He says the country is right to be worried about its youth.

1月间发生在巴黎的枪击事件再一次聚焦了法国被忽略的市郊地区，事件中的三名伊斯兰主义袭击者就是这里的居民。活动分子迈赫德?比卡德尔耐(Mehdl Bigaderne)说，像克利希一样的郊区比法国其他地区更容易出恐怖分子。他是自由友爱协会(ACLEFEU)的联合创始人，这是一家在骚乱后建立起来的公民权利组织。他说，法国对年轻一代的担忧是有原因的。

Bigaderne says the real question facing French authorities is - how the country got to this point. He says the young people involved in the terrorist attacks did not come from Iraq, Algeria or Morocco but were products of France.

他说：“真正的问题是，为什么会造成这种局面？因为这些采取野蛮行径的年轻人并不是来自伊拉克、阿尔及利亚或是摩洛哥，他们出生在法国。”

Clichy-sous-Bois still mourns Zyed Benna and Bouna Traore, the two boys electrocuted 10 years ago. Two police officers are on trial on charges of failing to prevent their deaths. A verdict is due in May, but the bigger challenge of healing and moving forward here lies ahead.

克林西丛林依然在悼念十年前被电死的两个男孩齐亚德?本纳(Zyed Benna)和巴努?特拉奥雷(Bouna Traore)。两名警察因没能阻止他们死亡的指控正在受审，五月必须得出结论。但是，如何愈合创伤并向前迈进是更大的挑战。