英国新闻听力 癫痫症治疗新手段

Scientists in southern England say they've developed a new technique to deal with epilepsy. It involves far more specific identification of the regions in the brain that trigger seizures¹. The idea is that surgeons can then perform far more precise interventions³. Mark Goodfellow is with the Center for Biomedical Modeling and Analysis at the University of Exeter.

We are aiming to tackle one of the most important problems in epilepsy research which is to define the region of brain tissue that needs to be resected in order to render a patient's seizure² free.

Well, when you say resected, you mean cut out?

Cut out. Yes, exactly. And the neurosurgery team is faced with several bits of data that they have to collate⁴ in order to define a surgical⁵ plan. And this data involves electrographic recording⁶, so data of the electrical fields of the brain, they are recorded via a set of sensors⁸. They are implanted under the skull⁹. And what we've done is take this data and build a network model of the brain. So we make a representation of the brain that is a network where each of the different nodes corresponds to a sensor⁷ that is recording this electrical information. And we can calculate the degree of correlation¹⁰ between these electros to build a network representation. And what we've done is to put a mathematical model onto this network so that we can simulate the dynamics¹¹ of the brain. So we can simulate the recordings¹² that would be observed in patients. And this allows us to get a sense of how prone¹³ these networks are to the generating seizures. And it also allows us to test different surgical strategies in the model and calculate or quantify the extent to which these strategies would lead to a reduction in seizures.

And how have you been able to test those models, test you know both how precise you are in terms of mapping where the seizures are and also how different interventions might work?

So to do this, we've utilized¹⁴ some excellent data from our colleagues in Berne in Switzerland. And they have a data set where they studied 16 patients who have undergone surgical treatment for epilepsy. And they've managed to map on the position of the electros that we record from to the locations of the brain that we have actually removed, so we know whereon network is in the brain, we know which nodes of that network have actually been removed in the surgery.

英国南部科学家称他们研发了一项治疗癫痫症的新技术，能够更加具体地识别大脑中引发癫痫的区域。这主要是为了外科医生能更加精准地干预。马克·古德菲洛现在位于埃克塞特大学的生物建模与解析中心。

我们的目标是处理癫痫研究领域最重要的难题之一--限定需要切除的脑组织区域，让病人免受癫痫的困扰。

你说的"切除"指的是"割去"吗？

没错，"割去"。神经外科团队现在还需要整理一些数据，从而确定手术方案。这些数据主要是电图记录，也就是大脑电场的数据通过一组传感器被记录了下来，传感器被埋置在脑壳下。我们拿这些数据构建了一个大脑网络模型，用网络代表大脑，各个不同的节点对应一个记录电子信息的传感器。然后我们就能计算这些电子之间的相关度，从而构建网络表示法。我们在该网络上放置了数学模型，这样就能模仿大脑的动态，并且模仿从病人身上可以观察到的记录数据。同时，我们也能了解这些网络引发癫痫的倾向性，还能在模型中测试不同的手术治疗方法，计算或量化这些方法减轻癫痫的程度。

那你们如何测试那些模型的、测试癫痫定位的精准性和接入方法的特异性？

为了做到这些，我们使用了瑞典伯尔尼同事的一些非常好的数据。他们有一个数据组，对做过癫痫手术的16位病人进行研究。他们成功地把我们记录的电子位置映射到我们切除的大脑部分上，这样的话我们就知道是网络在大脑中的位置，还知道手术实际切除了网络上的哪些节点。

1 seizures   

n.起获( seizure的名词复数 )；没收；充公；起获的赃物

参考例句：

• Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year. 今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Other causes of unconsciousness predisposing to aspiration lung abscess are convulsive seizures. 造成吸入性肺脓肿昏迷的其他原因，有惊厥发作。 来自辞典例句

2 seizure   

n.没收；占有；抵押

参考例句：

• The seizure of contraband is made by customs.那些走私品是被海关没收的。
• The courts ordered the seizure of all her property.法院下令查封她所有的财产。

3 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

4 collate   

vt.(仔细)核对，对照；(书籍装订前)整理

参考例句：

• They have begun to collate their own statistics on racial abuse. 他们已经开始整理自己有关种族歧视的统计数据。
• You may collate the latter with the earlier edition. 你可将新版与旧版相对照。

5 surgical   

adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的

参考例句：

• He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
• All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手术器械在使用之前，必须消毒。

6 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

7 sensor   

n.传感器，探测设备，感觉器（官）

参考例句：

• The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
• He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。

8 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句

9 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

10 correlation   

n.相互关系，相关，关连

参考例句：

• The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
• A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。

11 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

12 recordings   

n.记录( recording的名词复数 )；录音；录像；唱片

参考例句：

• a boxed set of original recordings 一套盒装原声录音带
• old jazz recordings reissued on CD 以激光唱片重新发行的老爵士乐

13 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

14 utilized   

v.利用，使用( utilize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• In the19th century waterpower was widely utilized to generate electricity. 在19世纪人们大规模使用水力来发电。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The empty building can be utilized for city storage. 可以利用那栋空建筑物作城市的仓库。 来自《简明英汉词典》