英语相似词辨析 struck,stricken

struck，stricken

这两个词都是动词strike的过去分词一般指“打击”，在现代英语中，它们的使用场合有所不同。

Struck用于一般打击、撞击、刺激，如：

They were struck by lightning．

他们遭雷打了。

I was struck with a wonderful idea．

我忽然间想起了一个很好的主意。

The workers stopped work over wage deduction¹ and the contractors² were struck dumb by their strike．

工人为了克扣工资而罢工，而包工们看见他们罢工惊得目瞪口呆。

The students were struck by the determination of their principal．

学生们深为他们校长的决心而感动。

She was struck with pity for the old man．

她对那老人动了怜悯之心。

Their eyes were struck by the awesome³ beauty of the landscape．

令人叹为观止的美丽风景把他们慑住了。

Stricken指受打击，受煎熬，只用于负面场合，较struck富感情色彩，又多用于正式场合；试比较：

The poor are struck most by the ever-increasing housing costs．

穷人受不断上涨的楼房费用打击最大。

The people in the village are stricken with poverty．

村民受尽穷困的折磨。

The village was struck with famine after a drought．

旱灾过后，该村正遭饥荒打击。

Many people in backward countries are stricken with famine and epidemic⁴ disease．

在落后国家里，很多人受尽饥荒及瘟疫的煎熬。

以上stricken的用法也常以复合形容词形式出现，放在名词之前，如：poverty－stricken、famine－stricken、drought－stricken、panic－stricken、fever-stricken等等。stricken 也见于某些文学语言中（如stricken in years年迈的；stricken with remorse极为懊悔的）。

有时候，在某些复合词中不用stricken，而用struck，如：awe-struck，thunder-struck，但在某些名词前，却单个用stricken而不用struck，如：a stricken field战场；astricken heart忧伤之心，对于这类词语，我们应当把它们看作固定的词组搭配。

1 deduction   

n.减除，扣除，减除额；推论，推理，演绎

参考例句：

• No deduction in pay is made for absence due to illness.因病请假不扣工资。
• His deduction led him to the correct conclusion.他的推断使他得出正确的结论。

2 contractors   

n.（建筑、监造中的）承包人( contractor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We got estimates from three different contractors before accepting the lowest. 我们得到3个承包商的报价后，接受了最低的报价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Contractors winning construction jobs had to kick back 2 per cent of the contract price to the mafia. 赢得建筑工作的承包商得抽出合同价格的百分之二的回扣给黑手党。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 awesome   

adj.令人惊叹的，难得吓人的，很好的

参考例句：

• The church in Ireland has always exercised an awesome power.爱尔兰的教堂一直掌握着令人敬畏的权力。
• That new white convertible is totally awesome.那辆新的白色折篷汽车简直棒极了.

4 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。