北外翻译笔记 第11课 翻译技巧--切分与合并(2)

 　　C. 主从复合句的分译

　　英语复合句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分，分译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如：

　　（1） One day, while out on the bleak¹ moors², Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.

　　匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。（在who引导的从句前切分）

　　（2） All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of Mother's colleagues were killed in the uprising.

　　1905年，这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中，妈妈的几个同事牺牲了，医疗队也解散了。（when处切分）

　　D. 其他情况的分译

　　有些长句的翻译得根据具体情况、意群的分布等进行灵活处理，合理进行切分，使译文层次分明，观点明确。例如：

　　（1） Suddenly the door bursts open and the Time Traveler appears, dirty, disheveled, and bedraggled, with a nasty cut on his chin.

　　突然，门猛然开了，时间旅行家出现。他十分肮脏，衣冠不整，满身是泥，下巴颏被严重划伤。（在appear后切分）

　　（2） The boy and the woman were already seated by spread table-cloth when the man came down to them, dressed in his business suit and vest and tie and hat as if he expected to meet someone along the way.

　　等到男人走过来时，女人和孩子早已挨着地上铺开的桌布边坐好了。男人身穿上班的套装和背心，系着领带，戴着帽子，似乎估计路上会遇到什么人似的。（分词短语前切分）

　　二、合并

　　一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，英译汉时切分用得较多；但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短，英译汉时有时也得用合并。合并常用于以下二种情况：

　　（一） 简单句与简单句的合并

　　把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子。例如：

　　（1） She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems.

　　她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，还善于解决问题。（两句合一）

　　（2） The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor³. She was near collapse⁴, barely able to move her swollen⁵ feet.

　　门没锁上，她走了进去，呆呆地坐了下来，极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。（三句合一）

　　（3） I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar. So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them.

　　我把椅子挪过去坐下，开始两脚分开，但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重，太不拘礼节，便把两膝并拢，把双手随便地放在膝盖上。（四句合一）

　　（二） 复合句的合并

　　把原文中的主从复合句或并列复合句译成一个简单句或词组。例如：

　　（1） We are going to have to be prepared to operate with people who are nuts.

　　我们将不得不应付那些难对付的家伙。

　　（2） And he found himself trying to suppress a bitterness that was soul-destroying.

　　他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。

　　（3） Many people have married whose chances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's.

　　许多条件远不如玛莎的人都已结了婚。

　　（4） The diagnosis⁶ seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.

　　每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉完全相符。

1 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

2 moors   

v.停泊，系泊（船只）( moor的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• the North York moors 北约克郡的漠泽
• They're shooting grouse up on the moors. 他们在荒野射猎松鸡。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 stupor   

v.昏迷；不省人事

参考例句：

• As the whisky took effect, he gradually fell into a drunken stupor.随着威士忌酒力发作，他逐渐醉得不省人事。
• The noise of someone banging at the door roused her from her stupor.梆梆的敲门声把她从昏迷中唤醒了。

4 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

5 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

6 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。