考前四级语法必知（1）

 　　集体名词做主语主谓一致

　　1)通常作复数的集体名词

　　集体名词，如：police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。如：

　　Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

　　2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

　　有些集体名词如foliage,machinery¹,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

　　3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

　　集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。

　　The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

　　4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词

　　如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：

　　A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

　　近义词辨析

　　tired, exhausted², fatigued³, weary, worn out

　　这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。

　　tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。

　　Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。

　　Exhausted

　　表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。

　　The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。

　　Fatigued

　　所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。

　　He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。

　　weary

　　语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。

　　After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。

　　Worn out

　　这个词不太正式，多用于口语。

　　The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。

1 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。

2 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

3 fatigued   

adj. 疲乏的

参考例句：

• The exercises fatigued her. 操练使她感到很疲乏。
• The President smiled, with fatigued tolerance for a minor person's naivety. 总统笑了笑，疲惫地表现出对一个下级人员的天真想法的宽容。