GRE试题四(3)

21.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
(A) describing how the principles of classical chem-
istry were developed
(B) initiating¹ a debate about the kinds of chemical
reactions required for the development of life
(C) explaining how current research in chemistry may be
related to broader biological concerns
(D) reconciling opposing theories about chemical reac-
tions
(E) clarifying inherent ambiguities² in the laws of clas-
sical chemistry

22.According to the passage, classical chemical reactions
and tunneling reactions are alike in which of the fol-
lowing ways?
(A) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules³ have
to rise over the barrier between the two wells.
(B) In both types of reactions, a transition is made
from the bottom of one potential well to the
bottom of another.
(C) In neither type of reaction does the height of the
barrier between the wells remain constant.
(D) In neither type of reaction does the rate of a
chemical reaction depend on its activation⁴
energy.
(E) In both types of reactions, reacting molecules are
able to go through the barrier between the two wells.

23. According to the Arrhenius equation as discussed in
the passage, which of the following statements about
chemical reactions is true?
(A) Chemical reactions are less likely to occur at tem-
peratures close to absolute zero.
(B) In some cases the rate of a chemical reaction is 

related to temperature and in other cases it is
not.
(C) Chemical reactions frequently occur at a few
degrees above absolute zero, but they are very
unpredictable.
(D) The rate of a chemical reaction depends on many
other factors besides temperature.
(E) Chemical reaction rate and temperature are not
related.

24.The author’s attitude toward the theory of a cold pre-
history of life can best be described as
(A) neutral
(B) skeptical⁵
(C) mildly positive
(D) very supportive
(E) pointedly⁶ critical

25.The author’s hypothesis concerning be cold prehistory
of life would be most weakened if which of the follow-
ing were true?
(A)Cosmic rays are unlikely to trigger the formation of
simple molecules.
(B)Tunneling occurs only in a narrow band of tem-
peratures around zero degrees Kelvin.
(C)The synthesis of interstellar formaldehyde can be
activated⁷ by means other than cosmic rays.
(D)Simple molecules can be synthesized by means of
tunneling.
(E)Classical chemical reactions do not occur at tem-
peratures close to absolute zero.

26.Which of the following best describes the hypothesis
of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe as it is presented in the
passage?
(A) Cosmic rays can directly synthesize complex
organic molecules.
(B) The galactic clouds are the places where prebio-
logical evolution of compounds necessary to life
occurred.
(C) Interstellar formaldehyde can be synthesized by
tunneling.
(D) Molecules of interstellar formaldehyde can evolve
into complex organic molecules.
(E) Complex organic molecules can be synthesized
from stable polysaccharides such as cellulose and
starch⁸.

27.Which of the following best describes the organization
of the first two paragraphs of the passage?
(A) The author cites a basic principle of classical
chemistry and then describes the research from
which that principle was developed.
(B) The author cites an apparent contradiction to
the principles of classical chemistry and then
explains the process of a chemical reaction to
show there is in fact no contradiction.
(C) the author describes the role of heat in chemical
reactions and then offers a detailed⁹ explanation
of its function.
(D) The author presents a law of classical chemistry in
order to introduce a kind of chemical reaction
that differs from it and then explains the essen-
tial difference between the two.
(E) The author presents the fundamental rules of clas-
sical chemistry in order to introduce an explana-
tion of a specific chemical reaction.

28. PREFACE:
(A) improvisation¹⁰
(B) burlesque¹¹
(C) epilogue
(D) tangent
(E) backdrop
29. DEBILITATE:
(A) implicate
(B) invigorate
(C) obfuscate¹³
(D) realign
(E) encumber¹⁴

30. TASTY:
(A) uninteresting
(B) unfamiliar¹⁵
(C) unexpected
(D) understated
(E) undervalued

31. ABNEGATE:
(A) refresh
(B) reaffirm
(C) relieve
(D) react
(E) reform

32. SERRIED¹⁶:
(A) partially¹⁷ formed
(B) widely separated
(C) narrowly missed
(D) extremely grateful
(E) reasonably clean

33. BOMBASTIC¹⁸:
(A) unflappable
(B) uninspired
(C) unpretentious
(D) inscrutable
(E) incisive¹⁹

34. BANAL²⁰:
(A) comfortable
(B) novel
(C) equal
(D) fatal
(E) competent
35. LANGUISH²¹:
(A) agitate²²
(B) wander
(C) relieve
(D) discomfit²³
(E) thrive

36. ENNUI²⁴:
(A) intimidation²⁵
(B) sleaze
(C) faint recollection
(D) keen interest
(E) deep reservation

37.DAUNTLESS:
(A) sophomoric
(B) trifling
(C) pusillanimous
(D) specious
(E) parsimonious

38.TEMERITY:
(A) credibility
(B) authority
(C) celebrity
(D) acrimony
(E) circumspection

1 initiating   

v.开始( initiate的现在分词 )；传授；发起；接纳新成员

参考例句：

• He is good at initiating projects but rarely follows through with anything. 他善于创建项目，但难得坚持完成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Only the perchlorate shows marked sensitiveness and possibly initiating properties. 只有高氯酸盐表现有显著的感度和可能具有起爆性能。 来自辞典例句

2 ambiguities   

n.歧义( ambiguity的名词复数 )；意义不明确；模棱两可的意思；模棱两可的话

参考例句：

• His reply was full of ambiguities. 他的答复非常暧昧。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Fortunately, no ambiguities hang about this word or about its opposite, indeterminism. 值得庆幸的是，关于这个词和它的反义词，非决定论都不存在多种解释。 来自哲学部分

3 molecules   

分子( molecule的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
• Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

4 activation   

n. 激活，催化作用

参考例句：

• A computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。

5 skeptical   

adj.怀疑的，多疑的

参考例句：

• Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
• Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。

6 pointedly   

adv.尖地，明显地

参考例句：

• She yawned and looked pointedly at her watch. 她打了个哈欠，又刻意地看了看手表。
• The demand for an apology was pointedly refused. 让对方道歉的要求遭到了断然拒绝。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 activated   

adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。

8 starch   

n.淀粉；vt.给...上浆

参考例句：

• Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
• I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。

9 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

10 improvisation   

n.即席演奏(或演唱)；即兴创作

参考例句：

• a free-form jazz improvisation 自由创作的爵士乐即兴演出
• Most of their music was spontaneous improvisation. 他们的大部分音乐作品都是即兴创作的。

11 burlesque   

v.嘲弄，戏仿；n.嘲弄，取笑，滑稽模仿

参考例句：

• Our comic play was a burlesque of a Shakespearean tragedy.我们的喜剧是对莎士比亚一出悲剧的讽刺性模仿。
• He shouldn't burlesque the elder.他不应模仿那长者。

12 debilitate   

v. 使衰弱

参考例句：

• Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus.昨天拉塞尔因肠胃病毒感染身体不适，由斯图尔特暂时接手。
• Their efforts to debilitate the political will of the Western alliance came to nought.他们试图削弱西方联盟的政治决心的努力结果等于零。

13 obfuscate   

v.使困惑，使迷乱

参考例句：

• He delighted in his ability to obfuscate.他对自己有本事把别人搞得晕头转向感到得意。
• This message might appear if you obfuscate the solution code.如果您对解决方案代码进行模糊处理，可能显示此消息。

14 encumber   

v.阻碍行动，妨碍，堆满

参考例句：

• He never let a woman encumber him for any length of time.他从来不让一个女人妨碍他太久的时间。
• They can't encumber us on the road.他们不会在路上拖累大家。

15 unfamiliar   

adj.陌生的，不熟悉的

参考例句：

• I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
• The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。

16 serried   

adj.拥挤的；密集的

参考例句：

• The fields were mostly patches laid on the serried landscape.between crevices and small streams.农田大部分是地缝和小溪之间的条状小块。
• On the shelf are serried rows of law books and law reports.书橱上是排得密密匝匝的几排法律书籍和判例汇编。

17 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

18 bombastic   

adj.夸夸其谈的，言过其实的

参考例句：

• The candidate spoke in a bombastic way of all that he would do if elected.候选人大肆吹嘘，一旦他当选将要如何如何。
• The orator spoke in a bombastic manner.这位演说家的讲话言过其实。

19 incisive   

adj.敏锐的，机敏的，锋利的，切入的

参考例句：

• His incisive remarks made us see the problems in our plans.他的话切中要害，使我们看到了计划中的一些问题。
• He combined curious qualities of naivety with incisive wit and worldly sophistication.他集天真质朴的好奇、锐利的机智和老练的世故于一体。

20 banal   

adj.陈腐的，平庸的

参考例句：

• Making banal remarks was one of his bad habits.他的坏习惯之一就是喜欢说些陈词滥调。
• The allegations ranged from the banal to the bizarre.从平淡无奇到离奇百怪的各种说法都有。

21 languish   

vi.变得衰弱无力，失去活力，（植物等）凋萎

参考例句：

• Without the founder's drive and direction,the company gradually languished.没有了创始人的斗志与指引，公司逐渐走向没落。
• New products languish on the drawing board.新产品在计划阶段即告失败。

22 agitate   

vi.(for,against)煽动，鼓动；vt.搅动

参考例句：

• They sent agents to agitate the local people.他们派遣情报人员煽动当地的民众。
• All you need to do is gently agitate the water with a finger or paintbrush.你只需要用手指或刷子轻轻地搅动水。

23 discomfit   

v.使困惑，使尴尬

参考例句：

• He will be particularly discomfited by the minister's dismissal of his plan.部长对他计划的不理会将使他特别尴尬。
• The opposition leader has regularly discomfited him in parliament.反对派领导人常搞得他在国会中下不来台。

24 ennui   

n.怠倦，无聊

参考例句：

• Since losing his job,he has often experienced a profound sense of ennui.他自从失业以来，常觉百无聊赖。
• Took up a hobby to relieve the ennui of retirement.养成一种嗜好以消除退休后的无聊。

25 intimidation   

n.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
• The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。