会计金融英语词汇漫谈

 　　Account

　　account 有很多意思，常见的主要是“说明、解释；计算、帐单；银行帐户”。例如：

　　1. He gave me a full account of his plan。

　　他把计划给我做了完整的说明。

　　2. Charge it to my account。

　　把它记在我的帐上。

　　3. Cashier： Good afternoon。 Can I help you？

　　银行出纳：下午好，能为您做什么？

　　Man ： I'd like to open a bank account .

　　男人：我想开一个银行存款帐户。

　　还有 account title（帐户名称、会计科目）、income account（收益帐户）、account book（帐簿）等。

　　在 account 后面加上词缀 ing 就成为 accounting¹ ，其意义也相应变为会计、会计学。例如：

　　1.Accounting is a process of recording², classifying，summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary³ terms.

　　会计是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释的过程。

　　2.It has been said that Accounting is the language of business.

　　据说会计是“商业语言”。

　　3.Accounting is one of the fastest growing profession in the modern business world.

　　会计是当今经济社会中发展最快的职业之一。

　　4. Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting are two major specialized⁴ fields in Accounting.

　　财务会计和管理会计是会计的两个主要的专门领域。

　　其他还有 accounting profession（会计职业）、accounting elements（会计要素）等。

　　Accountant 比Account只多ant三个字母，其意思是会计师、会计人员。例如：

　　1.A certified⁵ public accountant or CPA, as the term is usually abbreviated⁶, must pass a series of examinations, after which he or she receives a certificate.

　　注册会计师（或，注册会计师的缩写），必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。

　　2.Private accountant , also called executive or administrative⁷ accountant, handle the financial records of a business.

　　私人会计师，也叫做主管或行政会计师，负责处理公司的财务帐目。

　　总之，这三个词，有很深的渊源关系。

　　Assets、Liabilities 和 Owner's Equity⁸

　　这三个词分别是资产、负债和所有者权益，是会计等式的三个要素。

　　Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式，即词尾要有 "s"。如果不用复数形式，就成为"宝物，天赋、技能"的意思。例如：

　　1. Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values；for instance，cash，inventory，buildings，equipment.

　　资产是指企业所拥有的、具有货币价值的财产，如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。

　　2. Assets are the economic resources that are owned or controlled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units.

　　资产是由企业拥有或控制并能用货币计量的经济资源。

　　3. Assets can be classified into current assets and non-current assets .

　　资产可以划分为流动资产和非流动资产。

　　Liabilities 是liability 的复数形式。它的意思是法律上的责任、义务。如 liability for an accident （肇事的责任）；liability to pay taxes （纳税的义务）。只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务的意思。例如：

　　1. Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future.

　　负债是指将来需用货币或服务偿还的债务或履行的义务。

　　2. Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders, such as notes payable⁹, accounts payable, bonds payable.

　　负债是欠外部的数额，如应付票据、应付帐款、应付债券。

　　Owner's equity 是由 owner (所有者、业主)和equity （权益）构成为"业主权益"。例如：

　　1. Owner's equity represents the owner's interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference¹⁰ between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities.

　　业主权益代表业主对企业净资产的权益或要求权，净资产是指企业的资产总额与负债之间的差额。

　　2. Capital is the interest of the owners in an enterprise. Also known as owner's equity.

　　资本是企业所有者的利益，也称为业主权益。

　　3. Owner's equity include owner "s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation.

　　业主权益包括业主的投资以及企业自开业以来积累的经营成果。

　　上述会计要素相互之间的关系用一个简单的数学公式来表示，就是会计恒等式：

　　Assets=Liabilities+Owner's equity

　　资产=负债+业主权益

1 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

2 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

3 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

4 specialized   

adj.专门的，专业化的

参考例句：

• There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
• These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

5 certified   

a.经证明合格的；具有证明文件的

参考例句：

• Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
• The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。

6 abbreviated   

adj. 简短的，省略的 动词abbreviate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He abbreviated so much that it was hard to understand his article. 他的文章缩写词使用太多，令人费解。
• The United States of America is commonly abbreviated to U.S.A.. 美利坚合众国常被缩略为U.S.A.。

7 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

8 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

9 payable   

adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的

参考例句：

• This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
• No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。

10 deference   

n.尊重，顺从；敬意

参考例句：

• Do you treat your parents and teachers with deference?你对父母师长尊敬吗？
• The major defect of their work was deference to authority.他们的主要缺陷是趋从权威。