把握中澳自贸协定历史机遇

 　　6月18日，中国商务部部长高虎城在《中国日报》发表署名文章，阐述了中澳自贸协定带来的发展机遇和产生的积极影响。以下为双语对照全文：

　　On June 17, 2015, the much-anticipated China-Australia Free Trade Agreement was formally signed in Canberra, Australia. It is a significant event in China-Australia relations. Chinese and Australian leaders were fully¹ committed to the FTA negotiations³. President Xi Jinping reached an important consensus⁴ with his Australian counterpart on speeding up the negotiations and signing the FTA agreement at an early date. Premier⁵ Li Keqiang personally pushed the negotiation² process forward.

　　6月17日，在两国各界翘首企盼下，中澳自贸协定在堪培拉正式签署。这是两国关系中的一件大事。中澳两国领导人高度重视自贸协定谈判。习近平主席在两国领导人会晤中，与澳方就加快谈判、早日签署自贸协定达成重要共识。李克强总理亲自推动相关谈判进程。

　　把握中澳自贸协定历史机遇

　　As Chinese and Australian leaders pointed⁶ out in their congratulatory messages, China-Australia Free Trade Agreement, once signed, will provide a higher platform and stronger institutional safeguards for closer, complementary and win-win cooperation. It will help promote the economic integration⁷ process in the Asia-Pacific region as well as deeper integration and common development of the Asia-Pacific economies.

　　正如两国领导人在互致贺信中提出的，中澳自贸协定的签署将为两国实现优势互补和密切互利合作，提供更高的平台和更完善的制度保障，也将有助于推动亚太经济一体化进程，促进亚太地区各经济体的深度融合和共同发展。

　　China-Australia Free Trade Agreement is one of the most progressive FTAs in trade and investment liberalization either has ever signed. China and Australia have made high-level commitments to each other on trade in goods, trade in services, investment and rules, meeting the objective proposed by Chinese and Australian leaders for a comprehensive and high-standard agreement with balanced interests.

　　中澳自贸协定，是两国迄今已商签的自贸协定中贸易投资自由化整体水平最高的自贸协定之一。中澳双方在货物贸易、服务贸易、投资和规则等各个领域，相互做出了高水平承诺，实现了两国领导人提出的全面、高质量和利益平衡的目标。

　　A more open environment for market access. Compared with the liberalization level of around 90 percent in FTAs in general, China-Australia FTA shows a substantially higher level of openness in trade in goods. At the end of the staging period, 100 percent of Australian products to China in terms of both tariff⁸ lines and trade volume will enjoy duty-free treatment, and close to 97 percent of Chinese products to Australia in terms of tariff lines and 97 percent of trade volume will be duty-free.

　　更加开放的准入环境。与一般自贸协定中90%左右的自由化水平相比，中澳自贸协定的货物领域开放程度大大提升。澳方所有产品最终零关税比例在税目和贸易额上均将达到100%，中方最终税目和贸易额零关税比例也将分别接近和达到97%。

　　This means that consumers will have access to more high-quality agricultural, energy, mineral and finished industrial goods imported from the other country at lower prices. On the investment front, the two countries will accord MFN treatment to each other, open wider the services sector⁹, and significantly lower the threshold for investment review. Such substantive¹⁰ measures will boost bilateral¹¹ cooperation in a wide range of sectors¹², from infrastructure¹³, energy and resources, to finance, tourism and agriculture.

　　这意味着，两国消费者将因此获得更多质优价廉的进口农产品、能矿产品、工业制成品。在投资领域，双方相互给予最惠国待遇，扩大服务业开放，同时大幅降低企业投资审查门槛。这些实质性的举措，将强有力推进两国在基础设施、能源资源、金融、旅游以及农业等各个领域的合作，为双边经贸关系发展增添新动力。

　　A more enabling business environment. In the agreement, China and Australia have explored in a pragmatic way further opening in multiple sectors, including e-commerce, intellectual property, government procurement¹⁴ and trade facilitation, some of which have reached the highest level of liberalization so far.

　　更加便利的营商环境。中澳自贸协定在电子商务、知识产权、政府采购和贸易便利化等诸多领域，进行了务实探索，部分领域达到了目前最高水平。

　　Take e-commerce as an example. The agreement provides for duty-free e-commerce transactions, protects online consumers and data, and encourages the use of digital certificates, which will make online trading easier for both businesses and consumers from the two countries. Australia will set up a new facilitation scheme for Chinese engineers and technicians to work in Chinese invested projects in Australia, which is the first time that such a special arrangement is offered by a developed country to China. These substantive facilitation measures are sure to further improve the business environment and incentivize mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries.

　　以电子商务为例，协定涵盖了电子交易免征关税、为在线消费者和在线数据提供保护、鼓励使用数字证书等相关内容，将为两国企业和消费者带来巨大便利。澳方还专门针对中方投资项下工程和技术人员赴澳设立新的便利机制，系发达国家首次对中国作出特殊便利安排。这些实质性的便利化举措，必将营造更优质的营商环境，激发两国开展互利合作的新动能。

　　Closer people-to-people and cultural exchanges. While boosting the commercial ties, the FTA will also deepen people-to-people and cultural exchanges at various levels. Australia will provide working holiday visas to 5,000 young people from China every year, which will allow the holders¹⁵ to stay in Australia for up to 12 months. Besides, Australia will offer an annual entry quota¹⁶ of 1,800 people for occupations with Chinese characteristic, including TCM practitioners¹⁷, Chinese language teachers, Chinese chefs and martial¹⁸ arts coaches, who can stay in Australia for up to 4 years. This will further boost people-to-people exchanges.

　　更加密切的人文交流。中澳自贸协定在促进双边经贸合作发展的同时，也将深化两国在各个层面的人文交流。澳方为中国青年赴澳提供每年5000人的假日工作签证，获得该签证的中国青年可在澳居留12个月。此外，澳方给予中国特色职业人员每年共1800人的入境配额，涉及中医、汉语教师、中餐厨师和武术教练等诸多领域，相关人员在澳停留期限最长可达4年。这将进一步促进两国民间往来。

　　China-Australia FTA has set a successful example for cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. Though both are major economies in the world, China is the largest developing country whereas Australia is a mature developed economy. The two countries have distinctively¹⁹ different cultural backgrounds, different levels of development, complementary industrial structures and some differences in values. After a decade of negotiations, China and Australia have eventually reached a comprehensive and high-standard Free Trade Agreement with balanced interests. The agreement is not only an embodiment of the bright prospects²⁰ of complementary and win-win cooperation between the two countries, but also, in itself, a step forward towards more inclusive and diversified²¹ global economic governance.

　　中澳自贸协定树立了亚太区域合作的成功典范。中澳同为世界主要经济体，但中国是最大的发展中国家，澳大利亚是成熟的发达经济体，两国文化背景迥异，发展水平不同，产业结构互补，在一些价值观念方面也存在差异。历经10年谈判，中澳最终达成一个全面、高质量和利益平衡的自贸协定，不仅折射出两国优势互补和合作共赢的广阔前景，其本身也是推动更具包容性、多元化全球经济治理的积极实践。

　　China-Australia FTA has made pragmatic explorations in many areas of opening-up. Take trade in services for example, which is a stumbling block in international trade negotiations. The two countries have vastly different administrative²² regimes and core concerns. But through candid²³ and practical consultations²⁴, Australia finally agreed to open its services sector in a negative-list approach, while China, based on its WTO accession commitments, will open part of its services sector in a positive-list approach and commit to adopting a negative-list approach in future negotiations with Australia in this area.

　　中澳自贸协定在诸多开放领域进行了务实探索。以服务贸易这一国际经贸谈判难点为例，两国管理体制大相径庭，彼此各有核心关切。但中澳经过坦诚、务实的交流，澳方最终同意对中方以负面清单方式开放服务部门，中方则在入世承诺基础上，以正面清单方式向澳方开放部分服务部门，并承诺在未来通过负面清单模式与澳方开展服务贸易谈判。

　　China-Australia FTA is a major step towards Asia-Pacific economic integration. The 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting in 2014 decided²⁵ to launch the process of building the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area (APFTA). It requires the concerted efforts of all parties to fulfill²⁶ this vision. Now a free trade agreement has been signed between two major economies - China and Australia, and the two sides have agreed to jointly²⁷ explore the further opening of the services sector by adopting a negative-list approach. It is the shared belief of the two countries that China-Australia FTA, once upgraded, will be a strong boost to the development of high-level economic and trade arrangement in the Asia-Pacific region, and play a leading and demonstration²⁸ role in the further opening up of the region.

　　中澳自贸协定是亚太经济一体化进程中迈出的重要一步。2014年亚太经合组织第二十二次领导人非正式会议，决定启动亚太自贸区进程，实现这一愿景需要各方共同努力。目前，中澳两大经济体之间签署了自贸协定，双方还约定未来以“负面清单”方式，共同探讨服务领域的开放升级。相信中澳自贸协定的“升级版”，将有力促进亚太地区发展高水平的经贸安排，为推动本区域进一步开放发挥引领和示范效应。

1 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

2 negotiation   

n.谈判，协商

参考例句：

• They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判，他们的食糖生意成交了。
• The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。

3 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

4 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

5 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

6 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

7 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

8 tariff   

n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表

参考例句：

• There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
• The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。

9 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

10 substantive   

adj.表示实在的；本质的、实质性的；独立的；n.实词，实名词；独立存在的实体

参考例句：

• They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。
• A president needs substantive advice,but he also requires emotional succor. 一个总统需要实质性的建议，但也需要感情上的支持。

11 bilateral   

adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的

参考例句：

• They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
• There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

12 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

14 procurement   

n.采购；获得

参考例句：

• He is in charge of the procurement of materials.他负责物资的采购。
• More and more,human food procurement came to have a dominant effect on their evolution.人类获取食物愈来愈显著地影响到人类的进化。

15 holders   

支持物( holder的名词复数 )； 持有者； （支票等）持有人； 支托（或握持）…之物

参考例句：

• Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。
• It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识，才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事，同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。

16 quota   

n.（生产、进出口等的）配额，（移民的）限额

参考例句：

• A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
• He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。

17 practitioners   

n.习艺者，实习者( practitioner的名词复数 )；从业者（尤指医师）

参考例句：

• one of the greatest practitioners of science fiction 最了不起的科幻小说家之一
• The technique is experimental, but the list of its practitioners is growing. 这种技术是试验性的，但是采用它的人正在增加。 来自辞典例句

18 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

19 distinctively   

adv.特殊地，区别地

参考例句：

• "Public risks" is a recent term for distinctively high-tech hazards. “公共风险”是个特殊的高技术危害个人的一个最新术语。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• His language was natural, unaffected, distinctively vivid, humorous and strongly charming. 语言既朴实无华，又鲜明生动，幽默而富有艺术魅力。

20 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

21 diversified   

adj.多样化的，多种经营的v.使多样化，多样化( diversify的过去式和过去分词 )；进入新的商业领域

参考例句：

• The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology. 该学院生物系通过增加生物技术方面的新课程而变得多样化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Take grain as the key link, develop a diversified economy and ensure an all-round development. 以粮为纲，多种经营，全面发展。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

22 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

23 candid   

adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的

参考例句：

• I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
• He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。

24 consultations   

n.磋商（会议）( consultation的名词复数 )；商讨会；协商会；查找

参考例句：

• Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment. 磋商可以通过预约安排在其他时间。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Consultations are under way. 正在进行磋商。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

25 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

26 fulfill   

vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意

参考例句：

• If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
• This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。

27 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

28 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。