普京奇特的“枪手步态”与克格勃武器训练有关

 　　A team of European neurologists says in a new study that Russian president Vladimir Putin walks with a peculiar¹ “gunslinger’s gait”.

　　欧洲一神经学家团队在一项新研究中称俄罗斯总统普京走路时带有一种奇特的“枪手步态”。

　　The study, published on Tuesday by the British Medical Journal, notes that Putin has shown a “clearly reduced right-sided arm swing”, possibly related to weapons training he received when he was part of the Soviet² KGB.

　　周二，这份发表在《英国医学杂志》周刊的报告称“显然，普京的右臂摆动少”，这可能与普京在前苏联克格勃接受过武器训练有关。

　　Citing a KGB training manual they obtained, the researchers suggest that his style of walking is linked to training he underwent in the feared security agency, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant³ colonel before retiring at the twilight⁴ of the Soviet Union.

　　普京在前苏联时期为克格勃工作，退休前曾晋升中校军衔。通过研究克格勃使用的训练手册，研究人员认为普京的走路方式与他在情报安全机构接受的培训有关。

　　“According to this manual, KGB operatives were instructed to keep their weapon in their right hand close to their chest and to move forward with one side, usually the left, presumably allowing subjects to draw the gun as quickly as possible when confronted with a foe,” the researchers, based in Portugal, Italy, and the Netherlands, wrote.

　　来自葡萄牙、意大利和荷兰的研究者们共同写道，“这本训练手册指示克格勃特工将武器放在右手靠近胸部，在走路时将身体的一侧，通常是左侧，略微转向前进方向，以便遇到敌人时能尽快拔出枪”。

　　To test their hypothesis, the neurologists studied YouTube videos of other Russian officials.

　　为了验证他们的设想，神经学家们还研究了YouTube上其他俄罗斯官员走路的视频。

　　Bastiaan Bloem, a professor of movement disorder⁵ neurology at Radboud University Medical Centre in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, who led the study, said his team was “stunned” by what they saw.

　　领导这项研究工作的荷兰奈梅亨大学医学中心运动障碍神经学教授巴斯蒂安·布卢姆说，他们被所看到的一切“惊呆”了。

　　They found the same characteristic walk in Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, in former Russian defense⁶ minister Anatoly Serdyukov and Sergei Ivanov, and in senior Russian military commander Anatoly Sidorov.

　　他们在俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、两位前国防部长阿纳托利·谢尔久科夫和谢尔盖·伊万诺夫、高级军事指挥官阿纳托利·西多罗夫身上也发现了这种独特的走路方式。

　　Like Putin, Ivanov is a former KGB officer who served in Europe during the Cold War. Serdyukov and Sidorov both received military training, the researchers claim.

　　研究人员称，普京和伊万诺夫都是冷战时期在欧洲服役的前克格勃官员。谢尔久科夫和西多罗夫则受过军事训练。

　　The outlier in this group is Medvedev, a lawyer by training who has no clear ties to the KGB and did not serve in the military, though he is thought to have undergone brief reservist training during his university years.

　　而梅德韦杰夫是律师出身，尽管在大学期间曾有过短暂的后备军训练，但他似乎与军队和克格勃都没有明显的联系。

　　Since Putin handpicked him to serve as president from 2008-12 – between Putin’s second and fourth terms – Medvedev’s body language has often resembled that of his mentor⁷, as has the cadence⁸ of his speech.

　　梅德韦杰夫由普京亲自挑选任职2008年至2012年的俄罗斯第三任总统，而普金任职第二任和第四任俄罗斯总统——梅德韦杰夫的肢体语言与他的导师普京很相似，演讲也是抑扬顿挫。

　　Citing western media reports, the researchers write that “substantial evidence suggests that Medvedev is being coached to sound, look, and importantly, walk like the president.”

　　援引了西方媒体报道，调查人员写道“大量证据表明，梅德韦杰夫无论在声音、面貌，尤其是走路姿势上，都在模仿普京总统。”

　　The study asserts that Putin’s asymmetrical⁹ arm swing is likely “a behavioural adaptation resulting from military or intelligence training.”

　　该研究称普京摆臂不对称可能“因军事或情报训练造成的”。

　　Bloem conceded that his researchers do not have access to Putin’s medical records or his doctors. But he said Putin’s unusual walk is the subject of a small but growing debate among medical specialists.

　　布卢姆承认他的研究人员无法探访到普京的医疗记录或医生。但他说普京不同寻常的走路姿势引起了越来越多医学专家的争论。

　　“It is an unusual study, but there is a very serious message to it” about neurological observation, he told AFP in a telephone interview.

　　他在法新社的电话采访中说，“这是一个不寻常的研究，但对神经学观察有很重要的意义”。

　　Bloem added that Putin’s “abnormal gait has been noted¹⁰ before.”

　　布卢姆补充道普京“非比寻常的走路姿势以前就已经注意到了。”

　　“What we are putting forward, but very cautiously, is a new hypothesis,” he said.

　　他说：“我们提出的是一个很谨慎的、新的假设。”

　　Vocabulary

　　gunslinger: 枪手

　　outlier: 局外人

　　cadence: 节奏；韵律；抑扬顿挫

1 peculiar   

adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的

参考例句：

• He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。
• He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。

2 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

3 lieutenant   

n.陆军中尉，海军上尉；代理官员，副职官员

参考例句：

• He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
• He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官，递上了一张简短的便条进去。

4 twilight   

n.暮光，黄昏；暮年，晚期，衰落时期

参考例句：

• Twilight merged into darkness.夕阳的光辉融于黑暗中。
• Twilight was sweet with the smell of lilac and freshly turned earth.薄暮充满紫丁香和新翻耕的泥土的香味。

5 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

6 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

7 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

8 cadence   

n.（说话声调的）抑扬顿挫

参考例句：

• He delivered his words in slow,measured cadences.他讲话缓慢而抑扬顿挫、把握有度。
• He liked the relaxed cadence of his retired life.他喜欢退休生活的悠闲的节奏。

9 asymmetrical   

adj.不均匀的，不对称的

参考例句：

• Most people's faces are asymmetrical.多数人的脸并不对称。
• Folds may be gentle and symmetrical,or sharp and asymmetrical.褶皱可以是平缓而对称的，也可以是陡峭而非对称的。

10 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。