书单推荐：斯大林最爱的6本书 你都看过吗

 　　“The Ladies' Paradise” by ?mile Zola

　　左拉《女士乐园》

　　?mile Zola was among the authors admired by Joseph Stalin. The mixture of the innocent country girl thrust into city life and struggle are reminiscent of Fantine in Les Misérables, while the exploration of business and politics also strike a similar note. The lion-like image of the department store ruling over human lives is symbolic¹ of the highs and lows of consumerist culture today.

　　左拉是约瑟夫·斯大林景仰的作者之一。天真的乡村姑娘一头扎进城市生活里挣扎求生，让人想起《悲惨世界》里的芳汀，而对商业和政治的挖掘也激发出类似的感触。商店如狮虎般控制着人类的生命，象征了当今消费主义文化的起起落落。

　　书单推荐：斯大林最爱的6本书 你都看过吗

　　“The Brothers Karamasov” by Dostoevsky

　　陀思妥耶夫斯基《 卡拉马佐夫兄弟》

　　Stalin mentioned Dostoyevsky as an example of a deep psychologist. It is known that since his youth Stalin was reading Dostoevsky with great interest. While reading "The Brothers Karamazov", Stalin has made a lot highlights and notes in the margins².This is of the best allegorical novels to explain the fractured nature of 19th century Russia. Each character is representative of one of the ruling classes. Throughout are themes of love, law, and duty.

　　斯大林提过，陀思妥耶夫斯基是位深刻的心理学家。众所周知，青年时期的斯大林读起陀思妥耶夫斯基的著作时兴趣满怀。阅读《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》时，用荧光笔圈划，并在空白处做笔记。这本书是最佳的讽喻小说之一，揭示了19世纪俄国分崩离析的本质。每个角色都代表了统治阶级的一员。贯穿全书的主题有爱、法律还有责任。

　　“The Crowd: A study of the Popular Mind” by Gustave Le Bon

　　古斯塔夫·勒庞的《乌合之众》

　　Either meant for everyday reading or as an introduction to sociology, this book indicates why Wal-Mart crowds act both mindfully and mindlessly on Black Friday. The equality and unity³ of a crowd can be a powerful tool, or a double-edged sword. The secret lies in the capture of the imagination, for a crowd’s momentum⁴ can be enhanced or governed by images.

　　提起这本书，不是作为日常读物，便是作为社会学的介绍之用；这本书指出，缘何沃尔玛的顾客群体在黑色星期五这天既有所顾虑又无所用心。群体的平等与一致可以是有利的工具，也可能是双刃剑。秘诀在于抓住想象力，群众的动力可以提高，也可以被形象所掌控。

　　”The Knight⁵ in the Panther Skin” by Shota Rustavel

　　鲁斯塔韦利《虎皮武士》

　　Stalin knew all the old translations of this book, and when the new edition of the book was being published in 1940-1941, he even made several amendments⁶ to the translation from Georgian.

　　斯大林知晓这本书所有的译本，这本书1940至1941年间出新版之时，斯大林甚至还就格鲁吉亚译本作了若干修订。

　　The Bible

　　《圣经》

　　Stalin has been quoting long passages from the Bible.

　　斯大林一直就大幅引用圣经选段。

　　Stories of Anton Chekhov

　　《契诃夫短篇》

　　Stalin has been quoting passages from Chekhov many times. Almost every story has a redemptive note of hope mixed in with levels of bleak⁷ despair.

　　斯大林多次引用契诃夫的故事篇章。几乎每则故事都有一丝希望，带来救赎，却也混杂着重重绝望，暗无天日。

　　"The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli

　　尼科洛·马基雅维利《君主论》

　　This is said to be one of the most favorite books of Stalin, from which he took advice on governing the state. Machiavelli's posthumous⁸ work can be bundled on a reading list with the Art of War for true insight on how to build power and decimate enemies. Though the advice was meant for the Medici ruling family in Italy, the principles can still hold true, or at least shed a light on how to weave through the murky⁹ waters of politics.

　　据说这是斯大林最爱的书之一，他从中汲取治国之道。马基雅维利的遗作可以与《孙子兵法》比肩，深明洞悉如何建立权势、又如何斩杀敌人。尽管书中的建议指向意大利美第奇家族，但其原则仍然真实有效，至少对如何混迹政界、如何在一潭浑水里也游刃有余还是有借鉴之处的。

1 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

2 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。

3 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

4 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

5 knight   

n.骑士，武士；爵士

参考例句：

• He was made an honourary knight.他被授予荣誉爵士称号。
• A knight rode on his richly caparisoned steed.一个骑士骑在装饰华丽的马上。

6 amendments   

（法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案

参考例句：

• The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
• Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。

7 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

8 posthumous   

adj.遗腹的；父亡后出生的；死后的，身后的

参考例句：

• He received a posthumous award for bravery.他表现勇敢，死后受到了嘉奖。
• The legendary actor received a posthumous achievement award.这位传奇男星在过世后获得终身成就奖的肯定。

9 murky   

adj.黑暗的，朦胧的；adv.阴暗地，混浊地；n.阴暗；昏暗

参考例句：

• She threw it into the river's murky depths.她把它扔进了混浊的河水深处。
• She had a decidedly murky past.她的历史背景令人捉摸不透。