专业术语—口腔生理学术语F(英文详解)

 

    Fatty acids - long straight chains of carbon and hydrogen ending with an acid group at one end. Saturated¹ fatty acids have no capacity to absorb more hydrogen atoms. Animal fats are mostly of this type and are considered less healthy as they end to accumulate in the linings² of arteries³.

    Feedback - a system of control, where work being done is modified by the product. For example the blood pressure is maintained by the strength of the heart beat and the muscle tone of the arterioles. In the walls of the large arteries are receptors sensitive to the degree of stretch in the muscle wall. As the blood pressure increases, the wall are stretched, and the receptor sends signals via the brain to the sympathetic nervous system back to the heart and blood vessels⁵, causing decreased pumping effort and more relaxed muscle tone in the arteries. In chemical reactions the accumulated product slows down the rate of production. For example if the oxygen level of the body falls, the rate of respiration⁶.increases to restore the levels to normal. These control system are thus circular; what is produced returns to control the further production. They are examples of negative feedback, and are common in maintaining stability or homeostasis. Positive feedback is less common as it tends to be unstable⁷. An example is the release by platelets of thrompotaxin. When the levels of thrombotaxin are high, they do not inhibit⁸ further production as occurs in a negative feedback system but actually stimulate⁹ more platelets to produce more thrombotaxin and so on until there is an explosive increase in the number of sticky platelets. This is useful in an emergency to s bleeding, but very dangerous when a clot¹⁰ forms inside a blood vessel⁴.

    Fibre - a long thin string-like structure constructed of smaller fibrils and even smaller microfibrils. Examples are collagen, elastic¹¹ and keratin fibres. Collagen fibres are arranged parallel to each other in a tendon, to give it great resistance to tension (pulling).

    Fibrinogen - a large soluble¹² protein found in blood which is converted into fibrin during blood clotting¹³.

    Fibroblasts - cell of connective tissue which form both the intercellular matrix and fibres.

    Fibronectin - a glycoprotein which is found in the extracellular matrix and is important for the attachments¹⁴, and therefore the movement of cells.

    Filamentous¹⁵ - long, thin, hair-like.

    Fluorapatite- an apatite crystal in which fluoride has replaced hydroxyl ions.

    Fluorosis - mottling of the teeth caused by an excess of fluoride in the drinking water. A fluorosis index recognises 4 stages of severity.

    Foramina - the plural¹⁶ of foramen, which is a hole, for example Foramen Ovale.

    Fossils - dead plant or animal remains¹⁷ whichhave become infused with minerals over many millions of years and are now hard and rock -like. The original shape of the animal or plant may be very well preserved.

    Fractal dimension - a dimension which is some fraction in between a line(1) and a plane(2), or a plane and a solid (3). These fractal dimensions are useful in describing the quality of natural lines and surfaces, such as coastlines, trees, vascular¹⁸ branching and the patterns of trabecula bone

    Freeway space - the space between the teeth when the jaw¹⁹ is in a rest position.

1 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

2 linings   

n.衬里( lining的名词复数 )；里子；衬料；组织

参考例句：

• a pair of leather gloves with fur linings 一双毛皮衬里的皮手套
• Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings. 这些衣服有很多内衬上缝有顾客的姓名签。 来自辞典例句

3 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

5 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 respiration   

n.呼吸作用；一次呼吸；植物光合作用

参考例句：

• They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸，可是无效。
• They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。

7 unstable   

adj.不稳定的，易变的

参考例句：

• This bookcase is too unstable to hold so many books.这书橱很不结实，装不了这么多书。
• The patient's condition was unstable.那患者的病情不稳定。

8 inhibit   

vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制

参考例句：

• Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
• They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。

9 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

10 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

11 elastic   

n.橡皮圈，松紧带；adj.有弹性的；灵活的

参考例句：

• Rubber is an elastic material.橡胶是一种弹性材料。
• These regulations are elastic.这些规定是有弹性的。

12 soluble   

adj.可溶的；可以解决的

参考例句：

• These tablets are soluble in water.这些药片可在水中溶解。
• Camphor is soluble in alcohol.樟脑在酒精中可以溶化。

13 clotting   

v.凝固( clot的现在分词 )；烧结

参考例句：

• The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。 来自互联网
• A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。 来自互联网

14 attachments   

n.（用电子邮件发送的）附件( attachment的名词复数 )；附着；连接；附属物

参考例句：

• The vacuum cleaner has four different attachments. 吸尘器有四个不同的附件。
• It's an electric drill with a range of different attachments. 这是一个带有各种配件的电钻。

15 filamentous   

adj. 细丝状的，如丝的，纤维状的

参考例句：

• DNA filamentous fungi could be provided by the modified with benzyl chloride. 本文采用改进的氯化苄法，得到的DNA质量好、产量高，可以直接用于后续的基因操作。
• Cotton candy is filamentous, but it is a granular crystal-sugar produced. 棉花糖虽然是丝状的，但是它是用一种颗粒状的晶体--蔗糖制作而成。

16 plural   

n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的

参考例句：

• Most plural nouns in English end in's '.英语的复数名词多以s结尾。
• Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

17 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

18 vascular   

adj.血管的，脉管的

参考例句：

• The mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。
• The vascular changes interfere with diffusion of nutrients from plasma into adjacent perivascular tissue and cells.这些血管变化干扰了营养物质从血浆中向血管周围邻接的组织和细胞扩散。

19 jaw   

n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训

参考例句：

• He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
• A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。