2013年2月2日雅思阅读机经[A类]

 

考试日期：	2013年2月2日
Reading Passage 1
Title:	Agriculture in Africa
Question types:	Sentence completion; Matching; TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; Multiple choice
文章内容回顾	非洲一个地区的农业，涉及到那个区域的耕作方式，种什么，种在什么地方，以及农业产量和影响农业产量的因素。
题型难度分析	1-5题是句子填空，难度不大。6-9题是配对题，难度一般，配对的一方是fish, goat, oxen, 问对于这三种动物文章说了什么。10-12题是判断题，难度不大。13题为选择题，问作者对那个地方人的耕种方式的意见，本题由于是最后一题，定位在最后一段，难度不大。
题型技巧分析	是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，虽然近期题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。 首先应注意是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 解题步骤： 1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等） 2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。 3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。 TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。 FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。 NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑4 Test1 Passage1 剑5 Test3 Passage1

 

Reading Passage 2
Title:	大猩猩的研究
Question types:	Heading; Pick from a list; Summary
文章内容回顾	某博士研究大猩猩，在这个博士的研究之前人们对这种动物已经有了些认识，知道它们会用工具，人们认为大猩猩主要吃水果，辅助吃昆虫，后来又讲到一些研究。
英文原文阅读	Gorillas2 comprise the eponymous genus Gorilla1, the largest extant genus of primates3 by size. They are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Africa. The genus is divided into two species and either four or five subspecies. The DNA4 of gorillas is highly similar to that of a human, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the bonobo and common chimpanzee. Gorillas' natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in Africa. Although their range covers a small percentage of Africa, gorillas cover a wide range of elevations5. The mountain gorilla inhabits the Albertine Rift6 montane cloud forests of the Virunga Volcanoes, ranging in altitude from 2,200–4,300 metres (7,200–14,100 ft). Lowland gorillas live in dense7 forests and lowland swamps and marshes8 as low as sea level, with western lowland gorillas living in Central West African countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near its border with Rwanda. Gorillas move around by knuckle-walking, although they sometimes walk bipedally for short distances while carrying food or in defensive9 situations. Wild males gorillas weigh 135 to 180 kg (300 to 400 lb) while adult females usually weigh half as much as adult males at 68–113 kg (150–250 lb). Adult males are 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall, with an arm span that streaches from 2.3 to 2.6 m (7.5 to 8.5 ft). Female gorillas are shorter with smaller arm spans. Occasionally, a silverback of over 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) and 230 kg (510 lb) has been recorded in the wild. Obese10 gorillas in captivity11 can weigh as much as 270 kg (600 lb).Gorilla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism, that is, the mandible protrudes12 farther out than the maxilla. Adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest13. The eastern gorilla is more darkly colored than the western gorilla, with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all. The mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair. The western lowland gorilla can be brown or grayish with a reddish forehead. In addition, gorillas that live in lowland forests are more slender and agile14 than the more bulky mountain gorillas. The eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies, which would, in humans, indicate type O blood. Due to novel sequences, though, it is different enough to not conform with the human ABO blood group system, into which the other great apes fit. Like humans, gorillas have individual finger prints. Their eye color is dark brown, framed by a black ring around the iris15. Similar to humans, the leading cause of death in gorillas is cardiovascular disease.
题型难度分析	第一个题型是段落配标题，有一定难度，较耗时。第二个题型是多选题，答案较集中，难度一般。第三个题型是总结摘要填空，难度不大。
题型技巧分析	Heading题型做题步骤： 1. 读题目要求，注意是将heading前的序号写在答题卡上。 2. 划去Example项，在Lists of headings中将例子的标题划去，同时将对应段落在文章中划去，以免做题时重复找。 3. 在给出的标题中划出关键词，以名词为主。 4. 读文章段落，主要读段首和段尾，找出主题句。 5. 将段落主题句和标题相比较，选出答案。 注意事项： 1. 在找主题句的时候，主题句不一定是段落的第一句，很多时候尤其是第二段及以后的段落第一句往往是对上一段的概况，第二第三句才是主题句。 2. 如果本段有however, but等转折词汇以及also, although等，主题句即作者的中心在其后面。 3. 如果某段中重复出现标题中的某个关键词，也可以判定此段的标题即是含有这个关键词的标题。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑3 Test4 Passage1

 

Reading Passage 3
Title:	企业创新
Question types:	Multiple choice (4); Sentence completion matching (4); YES/NO/NOT GIVEN(6)
文章内容回顾	本篇文章主要涉及到公司管理策略，什么样的员工会在公司呆的时间久，有什么样的老板会对员工的影响，在公司长期没有约束会怎样等
题型难度分析	前4题为选择题，较难。接着4题为配对，难度一般。最后6题为判断，难度一般，但由于时间紧张，较多考生这6题是猜的。
题型技巧分析	本篇文章又出现了判断题，但是是YES/NO/NOT GIVEN, 这时考生需注意在填写答案的时候别写成了TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN. 本文的第一个题型为单选题。这种题目如果出现在文章的第一个题型，那么它定位时要从文章的第一段开始，对应文章前半部分，多为细节题。 做题注意事项： 1. 通读题干，划出定位词，如果没有则要通读选项，根据选项中的定位词进行定位 2. 通读选项，划出核心词，包括动词，名词 3. 根据定位词去文章中进行定位找答案 4. 选答案时注意与文章主旨相违背的为错，逻辑违背为错，与原文有较多相同词汇为错。只有同义转换的为正确。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习	剑8 Test1 Passage3

1 gorilla   

n.大猩猩，暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• I was awed by the huge gorilla.那只大猩猩使我惊惧。
• A gorilla is just a speechless animal.猩猩只不过是一种不会说话的动物。

2 gorillas   

n.大猩猩( gorilla的名词复数 )；暴徒，打手

参考例句：

• the similitude between humans and gorillas 人类和大猩猩的相像
• Each family of gorillas is led by a great silverbacked patriarch. 每个大星星家族都由一个魁梧的、长着银色被毛的族长带领着。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 primates   

primate的复数

参考例句：

• Primates are alert, inquisitive animals. 灵长目动物是机灵、好奇的动物。
• Consciousness or cerebration has been said to have emerged in the evolution of higher primates. 据说意识或思考在较高级灵长类的进化中已出现。

4 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

5 elevations   

（水平或数量）提高( elevation的名词复数 )； 高地； 海拔； 提升

参考例句：

• Weight of the crust changes as elevations are eroded and materials are deposited elsewhere. 当高地受到侵蚀，物质沉积到别的地方时，地壳的重量就改变。
• All deck elevations are on the top of structural beams. 所有甲板标高线均指结构梁顶线。

6 rift   

n.裂口，隙缝，切口；v.裂开，割开，渗入

参考例句：

• He was anxious to mend the rift between the two men.他急于弥合这两个人之间的裂痕。
• The sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.太阳从云层间隙中冒出来。

7 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

8 marshes   

n.沼泽，湿地( marsh的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Cows were grazing on the marshes. 牛群在湿地上吃草。
• We had to cross the marshes. 我们不得不穿过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

10 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

11 captivity   

n.囚禁；被俘；束缚

参考例句：

• A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
• He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。

12 protrudes   

v.（使某物）伸出，（使某物）突出( protrude的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• My part that protrudes from the gum has a'skin" of enamel. 在我突出于齿龈的部分有一层珐琅“皮”。 来自辞典例句
• Hyperplasia median lobe of the prostate produces a polypoid mass that protrudes in the bladder lumen. 前列腺中叶异常增生，表现为息肉样肿物，突入膀胱腔内。 来自互联网

13 crest   

n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖

参考例句：

• The rooster bristled his crest.公鸡竖起了鸡冠。
• He reached the crest of the hill before dawn.他于黎明前到达山顶。

14 agile   

adj.敏捷的，灵活的

参考例句：

• She is such an agile dancer!她跳起舞来是那么灵巧！
• An acrobat has to be agile.杂技演员必须身手敏捷。

15 iris   

n.虹膜，彩虹

参考例句：

• The opening of the iris is called the pupil.虹膜的开口处叫做瞳孔。
• This incredible human eye,complete with retina and iris,can be found in the Maldives.又是在马尔代夫，有这样一只难以置信的眼睛，连视网膜和虹膜都刻画齐全了。