雅思学术类写作题

 概述： 

Module¹ format 

IELTS Academic Writing lasts a total of 60 minutes. It consists of 2 tasks (Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2) and candidates must answer BOTH tasks. 

Answer format 

Candidates write their answers in pen or pencil on Answer Sheets provided. 

Timing 

Students are advised to spend 20 minutes on Task 1 and 40 minutes on Task 2. They must complete both tasks in one hour. 

Task 1 

For Writing Task 1 candidates are given some visual information which may be presented in the form of one or more related diagrams, charts, graphs or tables. Candidates are asked to describe the information or data. They must write at least 150 words on this task. 

Writing Task 1 assessment² is based on the following criteria³:  

1) Task Achievement  

2) Coherence⁴ and Cohesion⁵ 

3) Lexical Resource  

4) Grammatical Range and Accuracy  

Task 2 

For Writing Task 2, candidates are presented with an opinion, problem or issue which they must discuss. They may be asked to present the solution to a problem, present and justify⁶ an opinion, compare and contrast evidence or opinions, or evaluate and challenge an argument or idea. Candidates must write at least 250 words and are advised to spend 40 minutes on this task. 

Writing Task 2 assessment is based on the following criteria: 

1) Task Response 

2) Coherence and Cohesion 

3) Lexical Resource 

4) Grammatical Range and Accuracy  

Each of the tasks is assessed separately by a trained and qualified⁷ examiner and given a score. Writing Task 2 is worth more marks than Writing Task 1 so candidates should be sure to leave plenty of time to complete Writing Task 2. Academic Writing band scores are reported in whole bands or half bands.

写作任务1 

题型解读： 

What are candidates required to do? 

In this part candidates may be asked to describe facts or figures presented in one or more charts, graphs or tables on a related topic; or they may be given a diagram of a machine, a device or a process and asked to explain how it works. Candidates should make sure to include the most important and the most relevant points in the diagram. Some minor⁸ points or details may be left out.

How long does it take? 

Candidates should not spent more than 20 minutes on this task. 

What skills are being tested? 

Candidates will be assessed on their ability to choose and clearly describe the most important and relevant information on the diagram or chart. They will be assessed on how well they can organise⁹ the information as well as the accuracy of their use of language. The register or style of Task 1 is academic, so an academic writing style should be used. Candidates are also asked to write at least 150 words and will be penalised if their answer is too short. However, candidates will not be penalised for writing more than 150 words, but they should remember that a longer Task 1 answer may mean that they have less time to spend on Task 2 and so they may lose marks there. Remember that Task 2 is worth more marks and candidates should make sure that they have left themselves an adequate amount of time.

How is Task 1 assessed? 

Examiners assess the answer according to these criteria: 

· Task Achievement (i.e. how effectively the candidate has identified, illustrated¹⁰ and reported the key features of the information in the task) 

· Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised, and how well the information is linked)  

· Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately¹¹ it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)  

· Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task) 

Are there any other regulations candidates need to know? 

· Candidates must write their answers on the Answer Sheet provided.  

· If they write less than the minimum word limit they will be penalised.  

· They will be penalised for irrelevance¹² if the response is off-topic.  

· They will be severely¹³ penalised if their writing is plagiarised (i.e. copied from another source).  

· They will be penalised if their answer is not written as full, connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form etc.) 

样题 

http://www.cambridgeesol.org/teach/ielts/academic_writing/data/AC%20W%20Sample%20Task%201A.pdf  

写作任务2 

题型解读： 

What are candidates required to do? 

In Writing Task 2 candidates are given a topic to write about. Answers should be a discursive¹⁴ consideration of the relevant issues, as required by the rubic. The writing style should be formal and academic. Candidates should make sure that they read and answer the question fully¹⁵. If the topic is computers they should make sure they understand exactly what aspect of computers they need to discuss. They should not simply write about computers in general. Candidates should write at least 250 words.

Is Task 2 compulsory¹⁶? 

Yes, it is. Because Task 2 carries more marks, candidates who fail to attempt to answer this task will greatly reduce their chance of reaching a good band.

How long does it take? 

Candidates are asked to spend no more than 40 minutes on this task. 

What style must candidates write in? 

Semi-formal/neutral. Discursive writing is usually written in this style, even when a specific reader is not identified. 

What skills are being tested? 

For this task candidates are assessed on their ability to present an argument clearly giving evidence or examples to support their ideas. They are also assessed on how well their ideas are organised and the accuracy of the language they use. They should make sure that each of their ideas is sufficiently¹⁷ developed and that all of their ideas are relevant to the question. Candidates are expected to write at least 250 words. Short answers will be penalised. Candidates will not be penalised if an answer is longer. However, if they write a very long answer they may not have time for checking and correcting at the end and some ideas may not be directly relevant to the question. They may also produce handwriting which is unclear. Candidates should try to discipline themselves to plan their ideas, select the most relevant ones and organise these so that they are presented as clearly and as accurately as possible within the time allowed. Finally candidates should make sure that they do not copy directly from the Question Paper because if they do, this will not be assessed. Candidates should use their own words when writing their answer.

How are answers assessed? 

Examiners assess the answers according to these criteria:  

· Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate’s ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate’s position is clear and effective) 

· Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised and presented, including paragraphing; how well the information is linked) 

· Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)  

· Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task) 

Are there any other regulations the candidate needs to know? 

· They must write their answers on the Answer Sheet provided.  

· If candidates write less than the minimum word limit, they will be penalised.  

· They will be penalised for irrelevance if the response is off-topic.  

· Any writing which is plagiarised (i.e. copied from another source) will be severely penalised.  

· They will be penalised if their answer is not written as full connected text (e.g. using bullet points in any part of the response, or note form etc). 

样题 

http://www.cambridgeesol.org/teach/ielts/academic_writing/data/AC%20W%20Sample%20Task%202A.pdf  

写作评分方法: 

The writing scripts are marked by fully qualified IELTS examiners. The examiners are trained and monitored following a rigorous standardisation process. On the day of your test, the writing scripts are distributed randomly¹⁸ to a group of examiners. Each writing task is assessed individually and assigned a separate mark. The final score is then calculated and a final band score is awarded. Academic Writing band scores are reported in whole bands or half bands.

Task 1 scripts are assessed on the following criteria: 

· Task Achievement (i.e. how effectively the candidate has identified, illustrated and reported the key features of the information in the task) 

· Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised, presented and linked)  

· Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)  

· Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task) 

Task 2 scripts are assessed on performance on the following areas: 

· Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate’s ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate’s position is clear and effective) 

· Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organised, presented and linked)  

· Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)  

· Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task) 

Scripts under the required minimum word limit will be penalised. 

The sample scripts can give you and your students a good idea of the level they need to reach. The examiners comments at the bottom.

1 module   

n.组件，模块，模件；(航天器的)舱

参考例句：

• The centre module displays traffic guidance information.中央模块显示交通引导信息。
• Two large tanks in the service module held liquid oxygen.服务舱的两个大气瓶中装有液态氧。

2 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

3 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

4 coherence   

n.紧凑；连贯；一致性

参考例句：

• There was no coherence between the first and the second half of the film.这部电影的前半部和后半部没有连贯性。
• Environmental education is intended to give these topics more coherence.环境教育的目的是使这些课题更加息息相关。

5 cohesion   

n.团结，凝结力

参考例句：

• I had to bring some cohesion into the company.我得使整个公司恢复凝聚力。
• The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality,creativity and cohesion of a nation. 文化的力量，深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。

6 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

7 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

8 minor   

adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修

参考例句：

• The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
• I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。

9 organise   

vt.组织，安排，筹办

参考例句：

• He has the ability to organise.他很有组织才能。
• It's my job to organise all the ceremonial events.由我来组织所有的仪式。

10 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

11 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

12 irrelevance   

n.无关紧要；不相关；不相关的事物

参考例句：

• the irrelevance of the curriculum to children's daily life 课程与孩子们日常生活的脱节
• A President who identifies leadership with public opinion polls dooms himself to irrelevance. 一位总统如果把他的领导和民意测验投票结果等同起来，那么他注定将成为一个可有可无的人物。 来自辞典例句

13 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

14 discursive   

adj.离题的，无层次的

参考例句：

• His own toast was discursive and overlong,though rather touching.他自己的祝酒词虽然也颇为动人，但是比较松散而冗长。
• They complained that my writing was becoming too discursive.他们抱怨我的文章变得太散漫。

15 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

16 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

17 sufficiently   

adv.足够地，充分地

参考例句：

• It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
• The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。

18 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句