雅思阅读独立主格的构成类型和语法功能

 　　独立主格结构是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。

　　I.构成类型

　　(1)名词/代词+分词：

　　It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work.

　　This done，he locked the door and went home.

　　(2)名词/代词+不定式：

　　I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.

　　The children were watching the magic trick，their eyes wide open.

　　(4)名词/代词+副词：

　　School over，the students ran out of the class.

　　We came out of the classroom，hand in hand.。

　　(1)时间状语：

　　All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open.

　　The report having been read, a lively discussion¹ began.

　　With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office.

　　(2)原因状语：

　　There being no bus.we had to walk home.

　　so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off.

　　The murderer² was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.

　　He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust³ forward so as to miss any word.

　　(4)方式、伴随状语：

　　With the tree growing tall，we got more shade.

　　The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

　　He sat in front row，his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so not to miss any word.

　　(5)对比, 补充说明：

　　We went shopping，he reading in the bed.

　　We a11 went home, he remaining behind.

　　The two boys gathered their gear⁴ and headed for home, stomachs crying fro food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiffening⁵ from sitting.

1 discussion   

n.讨论，谈论；论述

参考例句：

• It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
• After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨，和平协议渐渐有了眉目。

2 murderer   

n.杀人犯，凶手

参考例句：

• How long should a murderer be kept in prison?犯了谋杀罪的人应在监狱关多少年？
• They discovered the murderer to have run away.他们发现凶手已逃之夭夭。

3 thrust   

v.延伸，挺伸；猛推，猛塞，把...插入

参考例句：

• They thrust themselves into the house.他们闯进了这间屋子。
• They thrust their way through the dense crowd.他们挤过密集的人群。

4 gear   

n.齿轮，传动装置，设备，衣服；vt.使适应

参考例句：

• We have to gear our lives to the new changes.我们必须使自己的生活适应新的变化。
• The teeth of the wheel gear into each other.齿轮互相啮合。

5 stiffening   

n. (使衣服等)变硬的材料, 硬化 动词stiffen的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• Her mouth stiffening, she could not elaborate. 她嘴巴僵直，无法细说下去。
• No genius, not a bad guy, but the attacks are hurting and stiffening him. 不是天才，人也不坏，但是四面八方的攻击伤了他的感情，使他横下了心。