雅思阅读：同义替换整理

 　　以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：

　　1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的

　　2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial

　　3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost

　　4.proportion/ percentage 比例

　　5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与

　　6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于

　　考虑到，尽管

　　6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断

　　7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

　　8.deplete¹ 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission² (尾气)排放/ exploit

　　9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的

　　10.capacity能力，容量/ competence³ (竞争)能力/ ability 能力(笼统的)

　　11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

　　12.solely/ merely/ only

　　13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列 of

　　14.pesticide⁴ 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

　　15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

　　16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)

　　17.purchase/ buy

　　18. ethnic⁵ 种族的/ ethic⁶ 伦理，道德的 + s =[n ]

　　19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]

　　20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

　　21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

　　22. circumstance 环境(社会 )/ surroundings/ environment 环境( 环保 )背景 background 后台 / settings后台，布景/ context 上下文( 文章中 )

　　23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><="" p="">

　　24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

　　25.兴旺，繁荣;prosperous/ thriving/ booming(人口，行业)/flourishing

　　26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

　　27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic⁷ ( in-, non- 无毒的)

　　28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

　　29.类似于：look like/ resemble

　　30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的

　　31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love

　　32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend

　　上网(聊天)chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧

　　33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及

　　34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测

　　35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

　　36. therapist /expert/ specialist

　　37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

　　38. commonest/ frequent

　　39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

　　40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate⁸ 恶化，每况愈下

　　41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify

　　42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率

　　43.clash 冲突(民族，种族)/crash 飞机坠毁

　　44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

　　45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性

　　46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热(体)

　　47.缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

　　48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative⁹ (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

　　l 易错拼写：environment/ convenient

　　49.neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的

　　50.ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure

　　51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报

　　52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠

　　53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务

　　54.contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致

　　54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

　　55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

　　明显的：apparently¹⁰ 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently

　　56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)

　　57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw

　　58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous

　　59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization

　　60.超过：exceed/ surpass

　　61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma

　　62.语言：linguist¹¹ ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语

　　63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species

　　breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成

　　64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调

　　65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin

　　66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished( 被剥夺财产的)

　　67.杰出：eminence¹² (-t)/ prominence¹³ (-t)/unusual

　　68.gene/ genetic¹⁴ defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩

　　69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/ therapist

　　70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction¹⁵ 归纳

　　71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing

　　72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于

　　73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy¹⁶ 补助，补贴/ subsidiary

　　74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth

　　75.be preferred by/ choice

　　76.attitude to/ how

　　77.the present century/ modern society

　　78.broad/ great

1 deplete   

v.弄空，排除，减轻，减少...体液，放去...的血

参考例句：

• Most native mammal species have been severely depleted.大多数本地哺乳动物的数量都已经大大减少了。
• Elastic collisions deplete very little of the electron's energy.弹性碰撞中电子减少的能量非常少。

2 emission   

n.发出物，散发物；发出，散发

参考例句：

• Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施，降低污染物排放总量。
• Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后，指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。

3 competence   

n.能力，胜任，称职

参考例句：

• This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
• These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。

4 pesticide   

n.杀虫剂，农药

参考例句：

• The pesticide was spread over the vegetable plot.菜田里撒上了农药。
• This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields.这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。

5 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

6 ethic   

n.道德标准，行为准则

参考例句：

• They instilled the work ethic into their children.他们在孩子们的心中注入了职业道德的理念。
• The connotation of education ethic is rooted in human nature's mobility.教育伦理的内涵根源于人本性的变动性。

7 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

8 deteriorate   

v.变坏；恶化；退化

参考例句：

• Do you think relations between China and Japan will continue to deteriorate?你认为中日关系会继续恶化吗？
• He held that this would only cause the situation to deteriorate further.他认为，这只会使局势更加恶化。

9 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

10 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

11 linguist   

n.语言学家；精通数种外国语言者

参考例句：

• I used to be a linguist till I become a writer.过去我是个语言学家，后来成了作家。
• Professor Cui has a high reputation as a linguist.崔教授作为语言学家名声很高。

12 eminence   

n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家

参考例句：

• He is a statesman of great eminence.他是个声名显赫的政治家。
• Many of the pilots were to achieve eminence in the aeronautical world.这些飞行员中很多人将会在航空界声名显赫。

13 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。

14 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

15 induction   

n.感应，感应现象

参考例句：

• His induction as a teacher was a turning point in his life.他就任教师工作是他一生的转折点。
• The magnetic signals are sensed by induction coils.磁信号由感应线圈所检测。

16 subsidy   

n.补助金，津贴

参考例句：

• The university will receive a subsidy for research in artificial intelligence.那个大学将得到一笔人工智能研究的补助费。
• The living subsidy for senior expert's family is included in the remuneration.报酬已包含高级专家家人的生活补贴。