如何在阅读中猜词？

 怎么猜测阅读中碰到的生词呢？下面教大家三个方法。

 

1.根据定义猜测词义

 

如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

 

例如：

 

anthropology¹ is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知，anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。

 

In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。

 

定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

 

2.根据复述猜测词义

 

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

 

同位语Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are tospeak and read intelligently。

 

此例逗号中短语意为"对词意义进行研究的学科"。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指"语义学"。

 

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

 

Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。

 

由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other,say i. e。等副词或短语出现。

 

定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal² affective disorder,a syndrome³ characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。

 

根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings,我们可以推断出SAD含义，即"季节性情绪紊乱症"。

 

3.根据举例猜测词义

 

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索.

 

例如：

 

The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical⁴ area as they were inthe past。

 

句中"战争"和"重大科学发现"是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义"重要的"，这与其确切含义"划时代的"十分接近。

1 anthropology   

n.人类学

参考例句：

• I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。
• Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

2 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

3 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

4 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。