雅思阅读信号词怎么找

 　　雅思阅读文章中的信号词就好比是高速公路上的标识牌，见到了它们，就可以知道目的地距离自己的位置还有多远，需要直走，还是拐弯。考生应根据这些信 号词来判断应该采取精读.跳读或是扫读等不一样的阅读方法和技巧。本文中，老师将会分析雅思阅读中信号词对考点指示的微妙作用。

　　笔者把剑桥4-11阅读中出现的与考点相关的信号词根据其所表达的逻辑关系分成八大类，分别是表顺接和递进，表对比和转折，表相似，表排列次序，表强调作用，表最高级.比较级，表因果关系，表举例子和说明。

　　一、顺接和递进

　　例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

　　考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找标题)

　　解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的 意思补充完整。

　　二、对比和转折

　　例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while

　　考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications¹ and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)

　　解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.

　　考点：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate² the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒数第二段 Q39, 40)

　　解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后两个填空题。

　　三、相似

　　例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …

　　考点: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)

　　解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as...do表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。

　　四、排列次序

　　例词：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…

　　考点：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal³ way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31)

　　解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first, second, 对应的就是题目中的neither...nor...这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。

　　考点：First mechanism⁴, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides⁵, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock⁶, and now genetic⁷ engineering – the onward⁸ marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)

　　解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first, then, then… and now, 体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)

　　五、强调作用

　　例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

　　考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含题)

　　解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

　　六、最高级、比较级

　　例词：–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...

　　考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment⁹ of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)

　　解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most, -est, 还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。

　　七、因果关系

　　例词：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…

　　考点:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying¹⁰. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)

　　解题：题目问的是学校否认问题反应了什么，就是这个现象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就给解题提供了信息，根据consequence之前的一句话就可以将答案找到。

　　八、举例子和说明

　　例词：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…

　　考点：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程图)

　　解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。

1 specifications   

n.规格；载明；详述；（产品等的）说明书；说明书( specification的名词复数 )；详细的计划书；载明；详述

参考例句：

• Our work must answer the specifications laid down. 我们的工作应符合所定的规范。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This sketch does not conform with the specifications. 图文不符。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 emulate   

v.努力赶上或超越，与…竞争；效仿

参考例句：

• You must work hard to emulate your sister.你必须努力工作，赶上你姐姐。
• You must look at the film and try to emulate his behavior.你们必须观看这部电影，并尽力模仿他的动作。

3 impersonal   

adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的

参考例句：

• Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远，没有人情味。
• His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。

4 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

5 pesticides   

n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 )；除害药物

参考例句：

• vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
• There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

7 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

8 onward   

adj.向前的，前进的；adv.向前，前进，在先

参考例句：

• The Yellow River surges onward like ten thousand horses galloping.黄河以万马奔腾之势滚滚向前。
• He followed in the steps of forerunners and marched onward.他跟随着先辈的足迹前进。

9 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

10 bullying   

v.恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 )；豪；跋扈

参考例句：

• Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
• All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》