企业竟然激励员工睡眠

 　　Turns out a good night's rest is good for business.

　　原来，夜晚的良好睡眠对企业有利。

　　One-third of American workers aren't sleeping enough to function at peak levels, and that chronic¹ exhaustion² is costing billions of dollars in lost productivity, according to researchers from Harvard Medical School.

　　哈佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)的科研人员表示，三分之一的美国劳动者由于睡眠不足不能在工作时达到最佳状态，劳动者的长期疲惫还给生产力带来了巨大的损失。

　　Managers at a growing number of concerns, among them Procter & Gamble Co., PG +0.01%and Goldman Sachs Group Inc., GS +1.04%are waking up to the problem, investing in programs from sleep-hygiene³ courses to melatonin-regulating lighting⁴ to help employees improve their slumber⁵.

　　越来越多企业──其中包括宝洁公司(Procter & Gamble Co.)和高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)──的管理者开始逐渐意识到了这个问题。为了帮助员工提高睡眠质量，这些企业花钱投资了从睡眠卫生课程到褪黑素调节灯具等一系列项目。

　　The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 40.6 million American workers, or 30% of the civilian⁶ workforce⁷, don't get enough rest. And the Harvard scientists estimated in 2011 that sleep deprivation⁸ costs U.S. companies $63.2 billion in lost productivity per year, mainly because of 'presenteeism,' people showing up for work but operating at subpar levels. One example, from a separate team at Singapore Management University: Workers waste an extra 8.4 minutes online岸checking email, refreshing⁹ the TMZ.com home page, and so on岸for every hour of interrupted sleep the previous night.

　　美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)估计，约有4,060万美国劳动者──即全美就业人数的30%──没有得到充分的休息。哈佛医学院的科学家们在2011年曾预计，睡眠剥夺每年给美国企业带来的生产力损失达632亿美元，其中的主要原因是“出勤主义”，即劳动者出现在工作岗位上但工作效率低下。新加坡管理大学(Singapore Management University)的一个科研团队发现：劳动者前一个晚上被打扰的每一个小时的睡眠会导致他们第二天多浪费8.4分钟上网，比如查邮件、刷新八卦网站等。

　　Managers struggle to motivate exhausted¹⁰ workers. During busy holiday periods at the Park Hyatt Beaver¹¹ Creek¹² resort in Avon, Colo., long hours sometimes lead to short fuses among staff. 'You have to try to figure out who's feeling frustrated¹³ and help them cut loose to get some rest,' said Scott Gubrud, director of sales and marketing¹⁴ at the hotel, which last week began a series of better-sleep initiatives for both employees and guests.

　　为激励疲惫不堪的员工，管理人员使出了浑身解数。在位于科罗拉多州埃文(Avon)的比佛溪柏悦度假村(Park Hyatt Beaver Creek Resort)，度假旺季的长时间工作有时会令员工之间产生摩擦。该度假村销售和市场主管古布鲁德(Scott Gubrud)称，你必须要设法找出情绪沮丧的员工，并帮他们放下活儿去休息一会儿。本月，该度假村针对员工和客人发起了一系列“好眠”倡议。

　　'If we treated machinery¹⁵ like we treat the human body, there would be breakdowns¹⁶ all the time,' said James Maas, a former Cornell University psychologist and author of 'Sleep for Success.'

　　前康奈尔大学(Cornell University)心理学家、《有睡眠才会成功》(Sleep for Success)一书的作者马斯(James Maas)表示，如果用对待身体的方式来对待机器，机器随时都会崩溃。

　　Companies have been slow to grasp the effects of sleep deprivation on productivity, but it is now a hot topic even in hard-driving industries, such as finance, where pulling all-nighters is often viewed as crucial to getting ahead.

　　企业在领会睡眠剥夺对生产力的影响上向来迟钝，但是现在这已然成为了热门话题，即使在金融业等压力繁重的行业也是如此。在这些行业，熬夜常被视为成功的关键因素。

　　Mr. Maas, who says he coined the phrase 'power nap' 36 years ago, gave a talk about sleep hygiene at Goldman Sachs in 2011 that was so oversubscribed it had to be broadcast via conference call to accommodate the 1,000 or so people who wanted to attend. He spoke¹⁷ last year at hedge-fund firm D.E. Shaw & Co., which has nap pods sprinkled around its offices.

　　马斯2011年曾在高盛举办过一场关于睡眠卫生的讲座，想要报名参加讲座的员工多到高盛不得不通过电话会议的方式对讲座进行广播，才能满足大约1,000名员工的需求。马斯称，他在36年前就创造了“能量小盹”这个词。去年，他在对冲基金公司德劭集团(D.E.Shaw & Co.)也举办了一次讲座，现在该公司的办公室内摆满了睡眠舱。

　　Yet perceptions linger that sleep is for sissies and loafers, and neither Goldman nor Shaw would comment directly about why they're addressing employees' sleep habits. A 2012 University of Southern California study of young investment bankers suggests that punishing hours, and resulting sleep deprivation, contributed to physical and emotional ailments¹⁸ within four years on the job.

　　然而，有关睡觉是娘娘腔和懒汉们专利的看法仍然挥之不去，而且无论是高盛还是德劭都不愿意就关注雇员睡眠习惯的原因直接置评。南加利福利亚大学(University of Southern California) 2012年一项针对青年投资银行家的研究表明，加班以及由此导致的睡眠剥夺，对最近四年工作期间内出现的身体及情绪疾病负有责任。

　　'People in investment banking¹⁹ have been my main clients for the last few years because they're so exhausted and under so much pressure,' said Mr. Maas, adding that bankers usually don't want to hear about how to get more sleep. Instead, they want tips for performing well on five or six hours' rest.

　　马斯称，在过去的几年里，投资银行从业人员一直是我的主要客户，因为他们疲惫不堪，并且承受着巨大的压力。他补充道，银行家们通常不愿意听取有关如何增加睡眠的建议，他们更想要的是只睡五、六个小时就能生龙活虎的高招。

　　The risks of fatigue²⁰ are especially acute in professions like health care and manufacturing, which involve overnight shifts and where a single careless error can put lives in danger.

　　疲劳的风险在医疗和制造等行业中尤为严重。这些行业涉及夜班，稍有疏忽就会导致生命危险。

　　At Aurora²¹ Health Care, the largest hospital system in Wisconsin, more than 2,600 employees in 2012 took a six-week online course for insomnia²² sufferers after managers surmised²³ that sleep deprivation was likely a problem among its workforce. The course, one of several health-coaching sessions offered at Aurora and developed by Johnson & Johnson's JNJ -0.74%Wellness & Prevention unit, requires participants to keep a sleep diary, and then makes recommendations based on individual sleep patterns.

　　2012年，有超过2,600名奥罗拉医疗保健系统(Aurora Health Care)的员工学习了为期六周的为失眠患者设计的网上课程，该机构的管理人士认为睡眠剥夺可能是全体员工的普遍问题。奥罗拉医疗保健系统是威斯康辛州最大的医疗体系。这项课程由强生公司(Johnson & Johnson's)旗下的保健与预防部门开发，是奥罗拉提供的健康培训项目之一。该课程要求学员记睡眠日记，并会根据个人的睡眠模式给出建议方案。

　　Barb²⁴ Stollenwork, age 53 and a wellness program coordinator²⁵ at Aurora, kicked her nightly Tylenol PM habit after finishing the program at the end of 2011. For years, she said, she woke at 4 a.m., then lay in bed worrying about how she'd function that day. By changing her behavior岸for instance, going to bed later岸she began sleeping until her alarm rang at 5:30 a.m.

　　斯托伦沃克(Barb Stollenwork)是奥罗拉的一名健康项目协调员，现年53岁。在2011年底结束了失眠治疗项目的学习后，她戒掉了每晚吃泰诺安(Tylenol PM)的习惯。她说，多年以来，她总是在凌晨四点醒来，然后就躺在那儿发愁这一天怎样才能保持状态。通过调整自身习惯，比如晚点儿上床，她又能一直睡到五点半闹钟响了。

　　Based on follow-up surveys that asked about both sleep and work habits, Aurora sees an average of $672 in productivity savings²⁶ per participant in the insomnia module²⁷, said Dr. David Smith, an Aurora vice²⁸ president.

　　奥罗拉副总裁史密斯(David Smith)博士称，基于对睡眠和工作习惯的跟踪调查，奥罗拉发现参加失眠治疗课程的学员平均每人节省了672美元的生产力。

　　Procter & Gamble is talking with sleep expert Nancy Rothstein about creating a multiweek pilot program for two of its plants, one in Belleville, Ontario, that makes Always feminine-hygiene products, and the other in Lima, Ohio, that makes liquid laundry detergents²⁹. Paul DeLuca, North American learning and development manager, said he hopes to have both courses running by June, starting with a group of 15 to 20 workers in Lima and up to 300 in Belleville.

　　宝洁公司正与睡眠专家罗斯坦(Nancy Rothstein)就在旗下两家工厂开设为期数周的试点项目进行沟通。其中一家工厂位于加拿大安大略省贝尔维尔(Belleville)，生产的是Always牌女性卫生用品；另一家工厂位于美国俄亥俄州利马(Lima)，生产的是洗衣液。宝洁北美培训及发展经理德卢卡(Paul Deluca)称，他希望两家工厂都能在6月前开课，利马工厂初期参与课程的有15至20名工人，贝尔维尔工厂则有多达300名。

　　The plants operate day and night, so many employees work unconventional hours, a known risk for poor sleep and overall bad health. If the program helps workers get better rest, with resulting gains in productivity and concentration, Mr. DeLuca will argue for a broader rollout of the initiative.

　　这些工厂日夜开工，所以很多工人需要在非常规时段工作，众所周知，这有引发低质睡眠和整体健康状况恶化的风险。如果这一课程能帮助工人休息得更好，并能提高生产力和注意力，德卢卡将力争扩大试点的范围。

　　P&G brought Ms. Rothstein to its headquarters in Cincinnati last year to give a 50-minute presentation emphasizing, among other things, the importance of shutting off screen devices an hour before bed because the blue light emitted by the screens interferes³⁰ with production of the sleep hormone³¹ melatonin.

　　去年，宝洁邀请诺斯坦到其位于辛辛那提的总部做了一个五十分钟的报告。在诸多注意事项中，报告着重强调了睡前一小时关闭屏幕设备的重要性，因为屏幕发出的蓝光会干扰睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑素的分泌。

　　That's no easy order in the age of smartphones, laptops and late-night conference calls with the Beijing or London office. 'The line between work and what's outside of work is graying,' Mr. DeLuca said.

　　在这个充满了智能手机、笔记本电脑和连线北京或伦敦办公室的深夜电话会议的时代，执行这个建议实属不易。德卢卡说，工作内外的界限变得越来越模糊。

　　At the more extreme end of the intervention³² scale, some are calling upon Litebook Company Ltd., a Canadian maker³³ of lights that help regulate the body's melatonin levels. The company, which supplies devices to the Philadelphia Flyers and Ottawa Senators to help athletes cope with jet lag and game schedules, said it is getting calls from corporations interested in making the lights available at workstations and desks.

　　还有一种更为激进的睡眠干预方式：有些人求助于加拿大灯具制造商Litebook Company Ltd.的产品，该公司生产的灯具有助于调节人体的褪黑素水平。Litebook为费城飞人队(Phiadelphia Flyers)和渥太华参议员队(Ottawa Senators)供应灯具，以帮助运动员们应对飞行时差和赛程安排所带来的问题。该公司表示，他们不断地接到从其他公司打来的电话，表示有兴趣在工作间和办公桌上安装这种灯具。

1 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

2 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

3 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

4 lighting   

n.照明，光线的明暗，舞台灯光

参考例句：

• The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
• The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。

5 slumber   

n.睡眠，沉睡状态

参考例句：

• All the people in the hotels were wrapped in deep slumber.住在各旅馆里的人都已进入梦乡。
• Don't wake him from his slumber because he needs the rest.不要把他从睡眠中唤醒，因为他需要休息。

6 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

7 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

8 deprivation   

n.匮乏；丧失；夺去，贫困

参考例句：

• Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
• Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。

9 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

10 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

11 beaver   

n.海狸，河狸

参考例句：

• The hat is made of beaver.这顶帽子是海狸毛皮制的。
• A beaver is an animals with big front teeth.海狸是一种长着大门牙的动物。

12 creek   

n.小溪，小河，小湾

参考例句：

• He sprang through the creek.他跳过小河。
• People sunbathe in the nude on the rocks above the creek.人们在露出小溪的岩石上裸体晒日光浴。

13 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

15 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。

16 breakdowns   

n.分解( breakdown的名词复数 )；衰竭；（车辆或机器的）损坏；统计分析

参考例句：

• Her old car was unreliable, so the trip was plagued by breakdowns. 她的旧车老不听使唤，一路上总是出故障。 来自辞典例句
• How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障？ 来自辞典例句

17 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

18 ailments   

疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
• He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。

19 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

20 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

21 aurora   

n.极光

参考例句：

• The aurora is one of nature's most awesome spectacles.极光是自然界最可畏的奇观之一。
• Over the polar regions we should see aurora.在极地高空,我们会看到极光。

22 insomnia   

n.失眠，失眠症

参考例句：

• Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
• He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。

23 surmised   

v.臆测，推断( surmise的过去式和过去分词 )；揣测；猜想

参考例句：

• From the looks on their faces, I surmised that they had had an argument. 看他们的脸色，我猜想他们之间发生了争执。
• From his letter I surmised that he was unhappy. 我从他的信中推测他并不快乐。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 barb   

n.（鱼钩等的）倒钩，倒刺

参考例句：

• The barb of his wit made us wince.他那锋芒毕露的机智使我们退避三舍。
• A fish hook has a barb to prevent the fish from escaping after being hooked.鱼钩上都有一个倒钩以防上了钩的鱼逃走。

25 coordinator   

n.协调人

参考例句：

• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
• How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？

26 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

27 module   

n.组件，模块，模件；(航天器的)舱

参考例句：

• The centre module displays traffic guidance information.中央模块显示交通引导信息。
• Two large tanks in the service module held liquid oxygen.服务舱的两个大气瓶中装有液态氧。

28 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

29 detergents   

n.洗涤剂( detergent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Such detergents do not yellow the wool as alkali tends to do. 这种洗涤剂不会象碱那样使羊毛发黄。 来自辞典例句
• Development of detergents has required optimization of the surfactants structure. 发展洗涤剂时，要求使用最恰当的表面活性剂结构。 来自辞典例句

30 interferes   

vi. 妨碍，冲突，干涉

参考例句：

• The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
• That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。

31 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

32 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

33 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。