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81 审判前红色高棉领导人的特等法庭仍未成立
Questions About Khmer Rouge Tribunal in Cambodia
Stephanie Mann
Washington28 Jun 2001 09:41 UTC
Cambodia says it will cooperate with the international community in establishing a court to try former Khmer Rouge leaders for the 1)genocide that occurred there in the 1970s. There has been almost no progress in setting up a 2)tribunal, however, leading to questions about whether the job should be taken away from the Phnom Penh government, and a 3)trial conducted outside Cambodia.
An international court in The 4)Hague is trying officials for war 5)crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia over the past 10 years. Another U.N. war crimes tribunal in Tanzania is hearing cases against former Rwandan officials 6)accused of genocide in that African country in 1994. Yet, more than 20 years after the killing of an 7)estimated two-million people in Cambodia, no one has been held 8)accountable for those deaths.
Efforts to convene a Cambodian genocide tribunal have been underway for nearly three years, with very little result. The Cambodian government and the United Nations have agreed on the broad outline for a trial of Khmer Rouge leaders that would include Cambodian and foreign judges. But the process has been 9)stalled repeatedly by the government of Prime Minister Hun Sen.
Craig Etcheson is an independent genocide 10)investigator and an 11)adviser to the Documentation Center of Cambodia, which has been gathering 12)evidence against the Khmer Rouge. He says many Cambodians doubt that a tribunal inside Cambodia will be able to administer real justice. "The overwhelming majority of the Cambodian people do want to see some sort of 13)judicial proceeding for the Khmer Rouge leaders," he says. "However, there is widespread distrust of Cambodia's own judicial system, so I think it's likely that a majority of the Cambodian people would probably prefer that the tribunals be handled by the international community in a way similar to the ad-hoc proceedings for Yugoslavia and Rwanda."
A specialist on the Cambodian legal system, and a professor at the Georgetown University Law Center, Neil Katyal, says such an international tribunal would be difficult without the cooperation of the Cambodian government. "International tribunals generally depend on cooperation with 14)host countries, unless there happens to be a 15)dictatorship or something of the sort," he says. "One, I think, can't say that about Cambodia, that it's a dictartorship or fully anti-16)democratic state that requires a 17)piercing of the state 18)sovereignty that protects it. So, I think an international trial is a difficult step, and one that I think the international community would take only as a very last resort, and not something that they're going to realistically do in the near future."
A Cambodian law expert at the University of Michigan, Peter Hammer, says it should be fairly easy for Cambodia, with international assistance, to put together a trial of former Khmer Rouge leaders. It has not yet happened, he says, because Prime Minister Hun Sen wants to 19)prolong the process as long as possible, to garner more foreign aid. Mr. Hammer points out that Hun Sen's cabinet waited several months to pass a 20)revised law allowing the tribunal, and it did so just after a recent conference in Tokyo, where donor countries put pressure on Cambodia.
Professor Katyal agrees the international community has influenced the Cambodian tribunal issue, but not to prolong it. Instead, he credits U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan and international pressure for the progress that has been made. "I think there's some reason to be cautiously optimistic, only 21)insofar as the issue has got the attention of the Secretary General of the United Nations in a pretty profound way," he says. "And Hun Sen and the other Cambodian leaders have, I think, greater 22)awareness now of the international community's feeling than at points 23)previously. That doesn't mean it's going to happen right away, but we're closer now than we ever have been [before]."
Mr. Katyal, who used to work on Cambodian genocide issues at the U.S. Justice Department, says the Bush administration has not put as much pressure on Cambodia as previous administrations have. "The United States government, since President Bush has taken office, has not done a particularly good job at trying to ask the Cambodians to 24)pursue a tribunal. And efforts have kind of stalled by the U.S. government, and that of course is going to have a role in what Cambodia does or does not do," he says.
Craig Etcheson is also concerned about the apparent decline in U.S. pressure. "The Chinese remain 25)adamantly opposed to any 26)substantial United Nations involvement in the process," he says. "This has probably had some influence on Hun Sen's thinking. ... If the United States does not continue with the same drive and force to push this issue forward, it could be that the opposition by China will 27)end up being stronger than the pressure for the establishment of a tribunal."
And Mr. Etcheson says if international pressure for the tribunal is allowed to wane, it may never become a reality.
(1) genocide[5dVenEsaId]n.有计划的灭种和屠杀
(2) tribunal[traI5bju:n(E)l]n.法官席, 审判员席, (特等)法庭
(3) trial[5traIEl]n.审讯, 审判
(4) Hague[heI^]n.海牙(荷兰的中央政府所在地,在荷兰西部)
(5) crime[kraIm]n.犯罪, 犯罪行为, 罪行, 罪恶
(6) accuse[E5kju:z]vt.控告, 谴责, 非难
(7) estimate[5estImEt]v. n.估计, 估价, 评估
(8) accountable[E5kaJntEb(E)l]adj.应负责的, 有责任的
(9) stall[stC:l]v.(使)停转, (使)停止, 迟延
(10) investigator[In`vestI^eItE(r)]n.调查人
(11) adviser n.顾问
(12) evidence[5evIdEns]n.迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物
(13) judicial[dVu:5dIF(E)l]adj.司法的, 法院的, 公正的, 明断的
(14) host[hEJst]n.主机,主人vt.当主人招待
(15) dictator[dIk5teItE(r); (?@) 5dIkteItEr]n.独裁者, 独裁政权执政者
(16) democratic[demE5krAtIk]adj.民主的, 民主主义的, 民主政体的
(17) piercing[5pIEsIN]adj.刺骨的, 刺穿的
(18) sovereignty[5sRvrIntI]n.君主, 主权, 主权国家
(19) prolong[prE5lRN; (?@) prEJ5lC:N]vt.延长, 拖延
(20) revise[rI5vaIz]vt.修订, 校订, 修正, 修改
(21) insofar[InsEJ5fB:(r)]adv.在...的范围
(22) awareness n.知道, 晓得
(23) previously[5pri:vju:slI]adv.先前, 以前
(24) pursue[pE5sju:; (?@) -5su:]vt.追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事
(25) adamant[5AdEmEnt]adj.坚硬的
(26) substantial[sEb5stAnF(E)l]adj.坚固的, 实质的, 充实的
(27) end up v.结束, 死
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