<MUSIC>sound/unit06_newwords_b.mp3</MUSIC>
<TITLE>New Words</TITLE>
||<1>sociology |n. |[U] scientific study of society |社会学
||||a sociology course |社会学课程
||||She has a degree in sociology and political science. |她拥有社会学和政治学的学位。
||<2> <em>sociological</em> |a. |of sociology |社会学的
||||a sociological theory |社会学理论
||||conduct sociological research |进行社会学研究
|★|<3>validate |vt.|prove that sth. is true or correct |证实
||||Mr. Brown tried to validate his criticisms. 布郎先生试图证明他的批评是有道理的。
||||Can you validate your views against economic growth? |你能证明你反对经济增长的观点吗？
||<4>virtually |ad.|almost |实际上；差不多
||||It used to be virtually impossible to find restaurants outside the cities, but it's much easier now. |过去在城外几乎找不到餐馆，不过现在容易多了。
||||On the label, the milk is described as "virtually fat-free". |这牛奶的标签上写着“基本不含脂肪”的字样。
||<5> <em>slightly</em> |ad. |a little; somewhat |稍微；轻微
||||Her car is a slightly different color. |她的汽车颜色稍微有点不同。
||||The temperature had risen slightly, but it was still very cold. |气温略有上升，但仍很冷。
||<6> <em>inappropriate</em> |a. |not suitable |不合适的；不恰当的
||||Such language would be quite inappropriate for this occasion. |这类语言对这个场合来说很不恰当。
||||If such discriminations are appropriate for birds, why should they be inappropriate in the case of men? |如果这些区别适用于鸟类的话，那么对人类来说为什么就不合适了呢？
|@ |<7>tidy |a. |neatly arranged with everything in the right place |整洁的； 整齐的
||||a tidy person |穿着整洁的人
||||She keeps her house very tidy. |她把屋子收拾得非常整洁。
||<8> <em>untidy</em> |a. |not tidy; in a mess |不整洁的；凌乱的
||||an untidy desk |乱糟糟的书桌
||||He's an untidy worker; he leaves his tools everywhere. |他是个邋遢工人，工具放得到处都是。
||<9>wrinkle |v. |(cause to) form small lines or folds |（使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱
||||The apples are beginning to wrinkle. |这些苹果开始起皱了。
||||Too much sunshine will wrinkle your skin. |过多阳光会使你的皮肤起皱纹。
|||n.|[C] a small line on one's face and skin |皱纹
||||She's beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. |她眼部周围开始有皱纹了。
||||There are some wrinkles in the back of your skirt where you've been sitting down. |你裙子后面坐着的地方有些褶皱。
||<10> <em>wrinkled</em> |a. |having small lines or folds |有皱纹的；皱巴巴的
||||a wrinkled face |满是皱纹的脸
||||His suit was wrinkled and he looked very tired. |他衣服皱巴巴的，人也显得很疲倦。
||<11>pants |n. |(pl.) trousers |裤子
||||sweat pants |<主美> (尤指运动员运动前后保暖穿的)宽松长运动裤
||||These pants look good, but they are expensive. |这种裤子很漂亮，但价钱很贵。
|@ |<12>conceal |vt. |hide sth. carefully |隐藏；隐瞒
||||He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. |他竭力向家人隐瞒他酗酒的恶习。
||||I tried to conceal my surprise when she said she was only 22. |当她说她只有22岁时，我尽力掩饰自己的惊讶。
||<13> <em>unfashionable</em> |a. |not in fashion or the current style |不时髦的；不流行的
||||These ideas became unfashionable after the collapse of the Berlin Wall. |这些观念在柏林墙倒塌后就不流行了。
||||Production stopped in the 80s when these products became unfashionable. |这些产品落伍了，80年代就停止生产了。
||<14> <em>sunshade</em> |n. |[C] sth. used as a protection from the sun's rays |遮阳物
||||She wears glasses with sunshades in hot summer. |她夏天用遮阳镜片。
||||She stayed under the sunshade when others were swimming in the sea. |别人在大海里游泳，而她呆在遮阳伞下面。
||<15>clip |vt. |1. hold sth. together with some device |别在...上；夹住
||||Do you clip those earrings on? |你的耳环是夹上去的吗？
||||When you've finished your work, clip them together and hand them in to me. |完工之后，把它们别在一起交给我。
||||2. cut parts of sth. to make it tidy |修剪
||||The children were amazed to see the sheep being clipped. |剪羊毛时，孩子们好奇地看着。
||||You need to clip your nails. |你该修剪指甲了。
|||n.|[C] a small object used for tying things together or holding them in position |夹子；别针
||||a hair clip |发夹
||||The paper was tied together with a plastic clip. |纸张是用一个塑料夹子夹在一起的。
|@ |<16>poverty |n.|[U] the state of being poor |贫穷；贫困
||||She had been worn down by poverty and illness. |贫病交加，她被折磨倒了。
||||Two million people in the city live in poverty. |城里有两百万人生活在贫困中。
|@ |<17>mild |a. |1. slight in degree |轻微的；不严重的
||||She's only got a mild fever. |她只是轻微发烧
||||She can't accept even mild criticism of her work. |她甚至不能接受对她工作一点点的批评。
||||2. gentle |温和的；和善的
||||He's the mildest man you could wish to meet. |他是你能见到的最和善的人。
||||He gave a mild answer, in spite of his anger. |尽管十分恼火，他还是态度温和地回答了。
||<18> <em>mildly</em> |ad.|in a slight or gentle way |轻微地；温和地
||||She seemed mildly disappointed when I didn't buy any perfume. |我没买香水，她似乎微微有点失望。
||||She spoke mildly to us. |她对我们说话很温和。
|@ |<19>emotional |a. |1. relating to feelings |情感的；情绪的
||||emotional problems |情绪问题
||||My doctor said the problem was more emotional than physical. |我的医生说问题不是出在身体上而是在情绪上。
||||2. causing or showing strong feelings |引发（或表现）强烈情感的
||||The president has made an emotional speech for the killing to stop. |总统发表了感人的演说，呼吁停止屠杀。
||||That music's so emotional; it always brings tears to my eyes. |那音乐如此让人动情；它总让我落泪。
||<20> <em>dramatics</em> |n. |(pl.) behavior that shows too much unnecessary emotion |夸张做作的行为
||||George's dramatics began to irritate me. |乔治的夸张做作的行为开始让我生气。
||||His friends were tired of all his phony dramatics. |他的朋友厌烦了他虚伪的做作。
|@|<21>park |v. |put a car or other vehicle in a particular place for a period of time |停放（车辆）
||||You can't park here. |这儿不能停车。
||||A red van was parked in front of the house. |屋子前停了一辆红色的货车。
|@ |<22>bargain |n. |1. [C] sth. bought at a price lower than usual |便宜货；廉价品
||||a bargain hunter |搜购廉价商品的人
||||The carpet is a bargain at 50 dollars. |地毯50美元一条，够便宜的。
||||2. [C] an agreement to do sth. in return for sth. else |协议；交易
||||The two parties made a bargain to cease fire. |双方达成了停火协议。
||||The two businessmen struck a bargain with each other. |两个生意人做成了一笔交易。
|||vi.|talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement or contract |讨价还价；谈判
||||bargain over the terms of a lease |就租约的条款进行谈判
||||bargain with a sales rep for a used car |与销售代表就一辆旧车讨价还价
||<23>charity |n. |1. [C] an organization for helping people who are poor, sick, etc. |慈善机构
||||Money from the sale of these cards will go to local charities. |卖这些贺卡所得的钱将捐献给地方慈善组织。
||||Many charities sent money to help the victims of the flood. |许多慈善机构寄款救济遭受水灾的人们 。
||||2. [U] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick, etc. |施舍物；救济金
||||The old man was too proud to accept what he regarded as charity. |那个老人太要强了，不肯接受他所认为的施舍。
||||They live on charity. |他们靠救济过日子。
||<24>exclusive |a. |1. expensive and not many people can afford to use or buy |奢华的；高级的
||||an exclusive restaurant |高级饭店
||||The tennis club has an exclusive membership. |这家网球俱乐部的成员都是些有钱人。
||||2. not shared with others |专用的；独享的
||||This room is for the exclusive use of guests. |这房间专供客人使用。
||||Singing is not her exclusive interest outside work; she does many other things as well. |唱歌不是她工作之余唯一的爱好；她还有很多其他爱好。
|||n.|[C] a piece of news that is published or reported by only one newspaper, magazine, etc. |独家新闻；独家报道
||||The newspaper published an exclusive about the incident. |这家报纸刊登了有关那个事件的独家新闻。
||||<em>The Sun</em> has had a number of useful exclusives. |《太阳报》发表过几篇有用的独家新闻。
|@ |<25>wander |v. |move about an area without a definite aim |漫游；闲逛
||||We wandered around for hours looking for the house. |我们转悠了好几个小时来寻找那座房子。
||||We spent the morning wandering the old part of the city. |我们花了一个上午在老城区逛悠。
||<26>second-hand |a. |owned or used by sb. else before you |二手的；用过的
||||a second-hand car |二手车
||||I finally found the textbook I need in a second-hand book store. |我终于在二手书店找到了我需要的那本教科书。
||<27>blend |v. |mix or combine |（使）混合；（使） 掺和
||||Blend the eggs and milk together. |把鸡蛋和牛奶调在一起。
||||I tried to blend into the crowd, but I was obviously not dressed for the occasion. |我试图融入人群，但很明显我的穿着不适合这种场合。
|||n.|[C] the act of blending or sth. created by blending |混合；混合物
||||Which blend of coffee would you like? |你喜欢往咖啡里放些什么？
||||His manner is a blend of charm and politeness. |他的态度既有魅力又文雅。
||<28>upper |a. |in a higher position; superior |较高的, 上面的
||||He already had a light growth of hair on his upper lip. |他上唇已经依稀长出胡须。
||||Most meteorites do not make it through the Earth's upper atmosphere. |大多数流星无法穿过地球的大气层外层。
|@ |<29>scale |n. |[sing., U] the size or level of sth. |规模；大小；等级
||||The pay scale goes from $8,000 to $20,000. |薪金级别介于8,000至20,000美元之间。
||||My parents used to entertain friends on a large scale. |我父母过去常常举行大规模的宴会招待朋友。
||<30> <em>upper-scale</em> |a. |high class |上流的；高级的
||||an upper-scale men's wear shop |高档男装商店
||||He often dines with friends at upper-scale restaurants. |他常常和朋友在高档饭店吃饭。
||<31> <em>lunchroom</em> |n. |[C] a large room in a school or office where people can eat |餐厅；食堂
||||The meals at the school lunchroom don't look appealing. |学校餐厅的饭菜看上去不吸引人。
||||He seldom takes a meal at the company lunch-room. |他很少在公司餐厅用餐。
||<32>ID |n. |[U] |身份证明；身份证
||||We were asked to show our ID before the guards let us in. |保安在让我们进去前要求我们出示身份证。
||||You can book a ticket in advance at the box office only with your ID. |只有用身份证才能提前在售票处订票。
|@ |<33>discourage |vt. |1. try to prevent sth. from happening |阻止；劝阻
||||Parents should discourage smoking. |父母应当设法制止吸烟。
||||What discourages me from going camping is the rain! |阻止我去露营的就是这场雨！
||||2. make sb. less confident or less willing to do sth. |使泄气；使灰心
||||The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her. |一想到要干那么多的活儿，她就心灰意冷。
||||Don't discourage her; she's doing her best. |别给她泼冷水，她正竭尽全力呢。
||<34>entry |n.|[U] the act of entering a place |进入
||||The thieves had forced an entry into the building. |窃贼强行进入了那幢建筑物。
||||The actress' entry into the world of political affairs surprised most people. |那位女演员进入政界使许多人都大为吃惊。
||<35> <em>down-scale</em> |a. |at the lower end of a scale; inferior |低档的；劣等的
||||down-scale clothing |低档服装
||||The discount stores caters mainly to down-scale customers. |减价商店主要满足中低收入的顾客。
||<36>setting |n. |[C] the place where sth. is or where sth. happens, and the general environment |环境；背景
||||We should seek more formal settings for the party. |我们应该找个更正式的环境聚会。
||||In beautifully landscaped settings, this unique zoo is great fun for all the family. |这个独特的动物园环境优美，对全家人来说都十分有意思。
||<37>rib |vt.|make fun of sb. in a friendly way |开玩笑；戏弄
||||She was continuously ribbed about her accent. |她常因口音受别人取笑。
||||His brothers ribbed him about his new girlfriend. |他的兄弟们因他交上了新的女朋友而跟他开玩笑。
|@ |<38>imitate |vt. |1. copy the way sb. behaves, speaks, moves, etc. |模仿；效仿
||||He's very clever at imitating his friends. |他很善于模仿朋友们的讲话和动作。
||||Some of the young men try to imitate their musical heroes from the past. |一些年轻男子试图模仿他们心中昔日的乐坛偶像。
||||2. copy sth. |仿制；仿造
||||They produce man-made chemicals which exactly imitate particular natural ones. |他们生产的人造化学制品完全仿照某些天然物质。
||||He imitated the works of Picasso. |他临摹了毕加索的作品。
|@ |<39>rude |a.|1. speaking or behaving in an impolite way |无礼的；粗鲁的
||||It's rude not to say "Thank you" when you are given something. |别人给你东西时不说“谢谢”是不礼貌的。
||||He's got no manners; he's rude to everyone. |他没有礼貌，对每个人都很粗鲁。
||||2. made or designed in a simple way |简陋的
||||We built a rude shelter from rocks on the beach. |我们用海滩上的岩石搭建了一个简陋的栖身之所。
||||These are rude stone tools. |这是些粗糙的石制工具。
|@ |<40>accompany |vt. |1. happen or exist at the same time as sth. else |伴随；和...一起发生
||||It had strong winds accompanied by heavy rain. |那天暴风骤雨。
||||Fever is almost always accompanied by cough. |发烧时几乎总会有咳嗽的症状。
||||2. go somewhere with sb. |陪伴；陪同
||||Would you like me to accompany you to the company? |您想让我陪您去公司吗？
||||He was accompanied on the trip by his wife. |他那次旅行有妻子随行。
||<41>removal |n. |1. [C, U] the act of getting rid of sth. |消除；清除
||||He has recovered form the removal of a tumor. |肿瘤切除手术后，他已康复了。
||||After the removal of the soup, fish was served. |汤撤下去后，鱼端了上来。
||||2. [C, U] the act of moving sth. to a different place |移动；搬迁
||||our removal to London |我们搬往伦敦
||||He runs a removal company. |他经营一家搬家公司。
|@ |<42>grace |n. |[U] polite and pleasant behavior |礼貌；风度
||||Joanna has natural grace and elegance. |乔安娜具有一种天生的高雅气质。
||||The Queen always speaks to the public with grace and dignity. |女王和公众讲话时总是维持着高贵端庄的仪态。
||<43>symbol |n. |1. [C] a picture or shape that represents sth. |象征；标志
||||The lion is the symbol of courage. |狮子是勇敢的象征。
||||The heart shape is a symbol of love. |心的形状象征着爱。
||||2. [C] a mark or sign with a particular meaning |记号；符号
||||You see the symbol on this label? Does that mean I have to hand-wash this shirt? |你看到标签上的图标了吗？那是不是说这件衬衫只能手洗？
||||O<font size="-2">2</font> is the symbol of oxygen. |O<font size="-2">2</font>是氧气的化学符号。
|@ |<44>inherent |a. |existing as a natural quality |固有的；与生俱来的
||||There is an inherent weakness in the design. |这个设计有其固有的弱点。
||||There are dangers inherent in almost every sport. |每种运动都有其危险性。
||<45>dignity |n. |1. [U] the ability to behave in a calm way even in a difficult situation |端庄；体面
||||She kept her dignity in spite of the laughing. |尽管人们讥笑她，可她仍然表现得体面端庄。
||||She has a quiet dignity about her. |她身上有一种娴静的高贵气质。
||||2. [U] the fact of being respected or deserving respect |尊严
||||How could you say that? Have you no dignity? |你怎么能说这样的话？你就没有自尊心吗？
||||She has lost everything but her dignity. |她失去了所有东西，但她没有丢失自己的尊严。
|★ |<46>conspicuous |a. |easy to notice |显著的；明显的
||||If you're walking along the dark road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. |如果你晚上在黑暗的街道上行走，就应该穿醒目的衣服。
||||He tried not to be conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. |他沿着房间后面慢慢移动，尽量不让自己引起注意。
||<47> <em>conspicuously</em> |ad. |noticeably |显著地；明显地
||||The red flag rose conspicuously over the beautiful city. |红旗十分醒目地在这座美丽的城市上空飘扬。
||||He is conspicuously not present in the meeting. |会议他缺席了，这太引人注目了。
|@ |<48>internal |a.|1. inside sth. |内部的
||||We are holding an internal inquiry to find out who is responsible. |我们正在进行内部调查以查明谁该负责。
||||The internal record indicates that there had been concern about safety before the accident. |内部记录表明，在事故发生前就已有了安全方面的担心。
||||2. within a particular country |国内的；本国的
||||internal trade |国内贸易
||||It is not certain whether a meeting would solve the internal conflict. |一次会议是否能解决这一内部冲突，值得怀疑。
||<49> <em>internalize</em> |vt. |make a particular belief, attitude, etc. become part of one's character |使内在化
||||He had not expected the people to internalize the values of equal rights so readily. |他没有料到人民这么快就接受了权力平等的价值观念。
||||It is proved that present-day children easily internalize violent behavior through social learning. |事实证明现在的孩子由于受社会的影响很容易产生暴力行为。
||<50>superficial |a. |1. not thinking about serious or important things; shallow |肤浅的；浅薄的
||||You have only a superficial knowledge of the subject. |你对该学科只有粗浅的了解。
||||I only have a superficial knowledge of French. |我对法语只懂些皮毛。
||||2. of or on the surface |表面的
||||The driver only got superficial cuts. |司机只是受了点外伤。
||||There are superficial similarities between the two cars, but actually they're quite different. |从表面上看两辆车差不多，但实际上差别很大。
|@ |<51>prevail |vi.|exist among a group of people at a certain time |盛行；流行
||||The use of horses still prevails among the poorer farmers. |贫穷的农民仍然普遍用马代步和运输东西。
||||This is a strange custom that still prevails. |这个奇怪风俗仍然盛行。
||<52>catalogue |vt. |make a complete list of all the things in a group |把...编入目录
||||Many rare plants have not yet been catalogued. |许多珍稀植物还未被归类。
||||This report is the first effort to catalogue the effects of smoking. |这份报告试图首次对吸烟所造成的影响进行归纳。
|||n.|[C] a complete list of things |目录
||||a library catalogue | 图书馆目录
||<53>undoubtedly |ad. |without doubt; certainly |确实地；无疑地
||||The painting is undoubtedly authentic. |这幅画无疑是真迹。
||||It is undoubtedly the best French film this year. |毫无疑问，这是本年度最好的法国影片。
|★|<54>sociologist |n. |[C] a person who specializes in the study of sociology |研究社会学的人；社会学家
||||She is a prominent sociologist. |她是位著名的社会学家。
||||Sociologists disagree about whether sociology is a science or not. |社会学家们对于社会学是否是一门科学有争议。
<TITLE>Phrases and Expressions</TITLE>
||<55>go to great lengths |make a great deal of effort to do sth. |竭尽全力做某事
|| |Some people go to great lengths to make their homes attractive. |有些人千方百计把他们的家布置得很吸引人。
|| |They went to great lengths to keep the affair secret. |他们竭尽全力为这事保密。
||<56>take sides|support sb. and not others |支持某人；偏袒一方
|||He has never dared to take sides against his superior. |他从未敢反对他的上级。
|||Jim always takes sides with Alice. |吉姆总是站在爱丽丝那边。
||<57>act out |express one's thoughts or feelings through words or behavior |将（思想或情感）表达出来
|||They acted out their frustration. |他们用行动来发泄受挫失望的情绪。
|||Children's strong feelings often get acted out in bad behavior. |孩子们的强烈情感经常通过不良行为表现出来。
||<58>speak of |show that sth. exists or is true |表明；意味着
|||Her behavior speaks of suffering bravely borne. |她的行为反映了她勇敢承受着痛苦。
|||The whole robbery spoke of inside knowledge on the part of the criminals. |整个抢劫案表明罪犯掌握了内情。
||<59>turn off |drive sb. away from a place |使离开
|||The shop owner turned off the old beggar. |店主赶走了老乞丐。
|||The crowd was turned off by the police. |警察赶走了人群。
||<60>tune out |stop listening or paying attention |不理会；不理睬
|||The children tuned out their mother's commands. |孩子们不理会母亲的吩咐。
|||She tuned out after I said no extra money was involved. |在我说了之外再没有钱后，她就不想听了。
||<61>up to |well or good enough to do sth. |能适合的；能胜任的
|||I don't feel up to going to work today. |我今天身体不舒服，不能去上班。
|||He wants to compete at an international level, but I don't think he's up to it. |他想参加国际水准的竞争，但我认为他还不到那个水平。
||<62>more or less |almost |几乎；差不多
|| |I've more or less finished reading this book. |我差不多快读完这本书了。
|| |The project was more or less a success. |这项计划大体上是成功的。
||<63>follow one's track |go after sb. or sth. |跟着；跟踪
|||We followed his tracks through the snow. |我们顺着他的足印在雪地里前进。
|||The hunters followed the tracks of the animal for hours. |猎人循着动物的脚印追了几个小时。
||<64>apart from |except for; besides |除了；除...之外
|||I hardly know anyone in the city apart from a few of my schoolmates. |除了几个同学之外，在这个城市我几乎不认识任何人。
|||He is also interested in classical music apart from pop music. |他对流行音乐感兴趣，对古典音乐也感兴趣。
||<65>blow one's cover |tell people who sb. really is |揭露；揭某人的老底
|||The enemy's cover was blown. |敌人的掩护身份暴露了。
|||I was pretending to be her sister until she blew my cover. |直到她揭露真相，我一直在假装是她的姐姐。
||<66>out of character |not typical of sb.'s usual behavior |与某人个性不相符
|||Her behavior last night was quite out of character. |昨晚她的举止颇有点反常。
|||I can't believe he would have quarreled—it seems so out of character. |我不相信他会吵架──这太不像他了。
||<67>out of bounds |(of a place) not allowing sb. to go there |禁止进入的
|| |Bars are out of bounds to minors. |未成年人禁止进入酒吧。
|| |The school canteen is out of bounds for outsiders. |校外人员禁止在学校食堂用餐。 |