四十六、刑罚（Punishment）
1.Criminal punishment ought to be based upon blameworthiness only,and not imposed upon those connot be blamed.
2.Guilt always hurries towards its complement,i.e.punishment,only there does its satisfaction lie.
3.He was kept in solitary confinement for a week.
4.If the prosecution can prove that the defendant acted "for purpose of commercial advantage",the maximum sentence is five years in prison.
5.Legal circumstances and consideration circumstances show no difference and work in coordination in the course of discretion of punishment.
6.No one can be punished twice for the same offence.
7.Punishment is justice for the unjust.
8.Punishment ought to be inflicted upon the guilty,and not upon others.
9.The goal of punishment should be to reform the criminal so that he will not commit a crime again.
10.That justice with absolutely prevents a crime is better than that which severely punishes it.
刑罚只能建立在可责性的基础上，不可责者不应受罚。
犯罪总很快得到相应的惩罚，只有处罚才能使犯罪得到偿还。
他被单独监禁了一周。
如控方能够证明被告的行为系
“以商业利益目的”
则最高刑罚是监禁五年。
在量刑裁定上，法定情节和酌定情节具有一致性和功能互补性。
一罪不二罚。
惩罚是对正义的伸张。
刑罚应依据罪行而不立依据其他因素。
刑罚的目的应该是改造罪犯使其不再犯罪。
从根本了防范犯罪的司法体制好于严厉惩罚犯罪的体制。
part 47 Criminal law principles
1.An act is not a crime unless the law says it is one.
2.An essential function of the criminal law is to define the boundary between what conduct is criminal and what is merely immoral.
3.Criminal Law is not only the Magra Carta of the innocent, but also the Magra Carta which makes the sinner.
4.Divine punishments though slow,are alwasy sure.
5.Duress provides no defense to a charge of murder.
6.Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.
7.Prevention and punishment are essential reasons why we have criminal law and a criminal justice system.
8.No crime without a law.
9.No one can be forced to incriminate himself.
10.Penal statutes must not be given retroactive effect.
刑法原则
法无明文规定者不为罪。
刑法的本质功能在于明确了犯罪行为与公非道德行为的界限。
刑法既是善良人的《大宪章》，也是犯罪人的《大宪章》。
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
受到胁迫不能成为谋杀指控之抗辩。
正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。
预防和处罚犯罪是制订和建立司法体系的主要原因。
法无明文规定者不为罪。
任何人不得被强制自证其罪。
刑法不得溯及既往。
Part 48 Criminal investigation
1.After the judge dismissed the case,the police refused to investigate further.
2.Ballistics was used in the criminal case to determine the gun's firing capacity.
3.Investigating detention is constitutional only if probable cause exists.
4.Investigating power was used to compel the bank to disclose some facts.
5.The coroner found that the death was not due to natural causes.
6.The investigating magistrate is thus a kind of quasi-judge standing halfway between the prosecutor and the court.
7.The law has been made obsolete by new developments in forensic science.
8.The police have power to hold a suspect during the investigation of his participation in a crime.
9.The police investigated the suspect's involvement in the murder.
10.The policeman found the man was a fugitive during a stop and frisk for weapons.
刑事侦察
法官驳回此案后，警方拒绝作进一步侦破。
在该刑事案件中人们运用弹道学原理来确定枪的发射力。
只有在合理依据成立时，非正式侦破性拘押才不是违法的。
人们运用侦察权以强迫银行披露某些事实。
死因调查官发现该死亡不属于自然死亡。
由此，预审治安官是位于检察官和法官之间的一种标准法官。
法医学的新发展使该法过时。
在调查嫌疑犯是否参加期间，警方有权拘押嫌疑犯。
警方调查嫌疑犯与谋杀的干系。
在拦截和搜查武器时，警察发现该人是个逃犯。
Part 49 Transaction
1.A corporation shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered.
2.A transaction between two parties shouldn't operate to the disadvantage of a third party.
3.Goods will be supplied within thirty days of receipt of order.
4.In the case fo goods,the seller must act in good faith.
5.Invoices are payable within thirty days of receipt.
6.Is there any red tape involved in starting up any form fo business?
7.The payment has to countersigned by the mortgagor.
8.The sale of goods acts only apply to the sale of goods and have no application when services are provided.
9.We are pleased to inform you that you offer has been accepted.
10.You should repay before the expiration of the stated period.
业务交易
公司应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营
两方当事人之间的交易不得对第三方不利。
在收到定单后30天内供货。
货物的卖方须善间行为。
发票收到后30天内付款。
开办企业有何法律规定？
该付款必须有抵押人的会签。
货物买卖法仅适用于货物的买卖而不适用于提供服务。
我们高兴地通知你方：你们的发盘已被接受。
你应该在规定日期结束前付款。
Part 50 Medical care
1.A surgery conformed to standard practice is not medical malpractice.
2.Thought it is not malpractice,you still have recourse under the law.
3.The arrangement you make with a plastic surgeon
should be deemed as a contract.
4.Legally,a doctor commits medical malpractice when he departs from standard practice.
5.Your pregnancy is not the result of the doctor's malpractice.
6.Should an injury result from nonstandard practice,
a malpractice claim for damages could be made.
7.The doctor negligent of his duty may face not only a malpractice suit but also a criminal indictment.
8.Misdiagnosis may be malpractice.
9.A doctor is responsible for the actions of his staff.
10.The death of the patient because of her doctor's choice of C-section was not medical malpractice in and of itself.
医疗保健
遵守标准惯例的手术不能算作医疗事故。
尽管其不算医疗事故，你仍然可以依法得到救济。
你与整洁外科医生的协议应被视为是合同。
从法律角度上讲，医生背离标准惯例则构成医疗失职。
你的怀孕不能归咎于医生的失职
如果伤害是因非标准治疗引起，你可以提起医疗事故之索赔主张。
玩忽职守的医生人仅会遭受失职之诉，而且还可能受到刑事指控。
误诊可能是一种失职行为。
医生应当对他的助手的行为负责。
该病人因其医生选择剖腹产而死亡一事其本身并非医疗失职行为。
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