Education Report - Training Fishermen to Become Fish Farmers
教育报道 - 缅因州培训渔民进行水产养殖
This is the VOA Special English Education Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
There are schools of fish, and there are schools for fishermen. The Cod Academy is a year-long program in Maine, one of the New England states in the American Northeast.
世界上有渔业学校，也有为渔民开设的学校。鳕鱼学院是美国东北部新英格兰地区缅因州的一个为期1年的项目。
The academy is new. The idea is to train current or former ocean-going fishermen to become fish farmers.
这所学院是新开办的，目的是为了培训当前和曾经的远洋渔民成为水产养殖户。
Sebastian Belle is director of the Maine Aquaculture Association. That group launched the Cod Academy with the University of Maine and other partners. Mr. Belle says the academy teaches all about managing a floating farm.
塞巴斯蒂安·贝利是缅因州水产养殖协会会长。该协会和缅因大学以及其它合作伙伴共同创办了鳕鱼学院。贝利女士表示，该学院教授的课程全部和渔场管理相关。
SEBASTIAN BELLE: “One of the things we've been teaching the students is how to feed the fish and not overfeed the fish. So you want to give them enough feed, and not waste any feed and make it as efficient as possible."
贝利：“我们给学生教授的技能之一就是如何喂鱼，如何不喂养过量。你要给它们提供足够的饲料，同时不能浪费任何饲料，使饲料尽可能得到最大利用。”
The students practice at eight fish pens about a kilometer and a half from shore. These circular pens are fifty meters wide and covered with netting to keep out seabirds. Each one holds as many as fifty thousand cod. A partner in the academy, Great Bay Aquaculture of New Hampshire, operates this fish farm.
学生们在距离岸边1.5公里远的8个渔箱实习。这些圆形渔箱直径50米，用网覆盖以防止海鸟偷食。每个渔箱能够养殖多达5万条鳕鱼。学院的合作伙伴之一，新罕布什尔州大湾水产养殖公司经营着这个渔场。
Most of the cod will become someone's meal somewhere in the world.
大多数的鳕鱼都将成为世界上某个地方某人的盘中餐。
Bill Thompson is fifty-nine years old. He served in the Navy and worked as a commercial fisherman. He says the Cod Academy made him a believer in fish farming.
比尔·汤普森（Bill Thompson）现年59岁。他曾在海军服役，也从事过商业捕鱼工作。他表示，鳕鱼学院让他成为水产养殖的信徒。
BILL THOMPSON: “Even if the wild stocks came back to their fullest capacity, they still wouldn't be able to feed the world. So I think this is the way of the future. And it's feasible for a family to run a business.”
汤普森：“即使野生种群能够完全恢复，也无法满足全世界的需求。所以我认为水产养殖是未来的发展方向，同时家庭经营水产养殖也是可行的。”
He and his son were among the first four students who graduated in August. Bill junior is thirty-nine and has been a working fisherman for most of his life. He dives for urchins and traps lobster. But he has a wife and four children to support.
他和他的儿子是今年8月首批毕业的4个学生之一。比尔·朱尼尔（Bill junior）现年39岁，一生中大部分时间都是渔民。他潜水以捕捉海胆及龙虾。但他要养活妻子及4个孩子。
BILL THOMPSON JUNIOR: “Well, I've seen a depletion of the source of everything I've been harvesting over the years. I look into the future, I can't see my kids set up in what I'm doing right now as far as, you know, lobstering, urchining. I don't want to see them, you know, get a source that's depleting every year.”
朱尼尔（老汤普森之子）：“我已经看到多年捕捞的所有资源都开始枯竭。展望未来我认为我的孩子们无法像我一样抓龙虾、海胆。我不希望看到他们面临资源的逐年枯竭。”
Like any business, fish farming has financial risks. Program director Sebastian Belle says students have to develop a marketing and business plan before they can graduate. Graduates can receive financial assistance from the Maine Aquaculture Association to start their own cod farm. But they will be expected to raise about half the money toward any project.
像任何行业一样，水产养殖也有经济风险。项目主管贝利表示，学生们在毕业前必须制定一个市场和商业计划。毕业生可以从缅因州水产养殖协会获得资助来开办自己的鳕鱼场。但他们需要自己筹集一半左右的项目资金。
Mr. Belle says the Cod Academy is based on programs to retrain displaced herring and tuna fishermen in Norway and Japan. These government-sponsored programs started more than thirty years ago.
贝利先生表示，鳕鱼学院以挪威和日本再培训居无定所的鲱鱼和金枪鱼渔民项目为基础。这些政府赞助的项目创办于30多年前。
SEBASTIAN BELLE: “It's never been done before in America and we're trying to see if it's a model that has some potential. “
贝利：“这是美国以前从来没有做过的。我们想看一下这是否是一个有潜力的模式。”
Maine had just one commercial cod farm when the students graduated last month, but Mr. Belle hopes things will change.
上个月学生们毕业时，缅因州仅有一家商业化的鳕鱼渔场。贝利先生希望这一切有所改变。
SEBASTIAN BELLE: "It's a native fish to Maine. The growing conditions in Maine are very good for cod, and it's kind of a natural choice for us as a state."
贝利：“鳕鱼是缅因州的原生鱼类。缅因州非常适宜鳕鱼生长，鳕鱼对我们州来说是一种自然选择。”
And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. I'm Jim Tedder.
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Contributing: Tom Porter |