A terror attack in Norway last week, which was carried out by an extreme right-wing Norwegian man, has raised questions about security threats in Europe. Is the perceived threat from Islamic extremism has overshadowed security threats from the extreme left and right?
挪威上周发生的恐怖袭击是由一名极右翼挪威男子制造的，这次事件使人们提出欧洲的安全威胁问题。
Non-Islamist threats
After last week's attack in Norway, the European Union's criminal intelligence agency Europol said it would set up a team of experts to investigate non-Islamist threats in Scandinavian countries. It said that task force may in the future stretch to a larger range of European nations.
欧盟刑事情报机构欧洲刑警组织说，它将组建一个专家团队来调查北欧国家面临的非伊斯兰威胁。该机构表示，这个特别小组的调查范围未来可能扩展到其他欧洲国家。
Blanka Kolenikova, a Europe analyst at IHS Global Insight in London, says expanding the focus of security reviews may be useful.
IHS环球透视驻伦敦的欧洲事务分析师布兰卡·科勒尼克娃说，扩大安全审查的焦点可能会有帮助。
"It can be said that maybe that there is a feel that the threat of Islamic extremism was recently in the center of the attention and maybe other forms of extremism, like this far right extremism, has slipped from the radar of the security agencies," Kolenikova said.
科勒尼克娃说：“可以这么说，我们可能感到来自伊斯兰极端主义的威胁是人们最近关注的焦点，而其它形式的极端主义、例如极右主义躲过了安全机构的雷达侦察。”
In a report this year Europol said there were no European right-wing terror attacks in 2010. It said extreme left wing groups carried out 45 attacks.
欧洲刑警组织在今年发布的一份报告中称，2010年欧洲没有发生右翼恐怖袭击。该机构说，极左翼组织发动了45次袭击。
The overall view was that right-wing groups didn't have cohesion or public support. But it did say those on the right were increasingly active on the web.
总的看法是右翼组织没有凝聚力或公共支持。但该机构确实指出，右翼势力在网络上日渐活跃。
Kolenikova says right-wing groups are becoming more professional.
科勒尼克娃说，右翼组织正日益专业化。
"There will always be sympathizers of this ideology and some recent reports also say these far right groups are getting more sophisticated," Kolenikova added. "So yes indeed there is a level of threat that these groups could pose."
她说：“总是会有这种理念的同情者，最近的一些报导也指出，这些极右团体正越来越久经世故。所以这些团体确实能带来一定程度的威胁。”
Manifesto posted online
Anders Behring Breivik has admitted to carrying out a deadly bomb attack in downtown Oslo and shooting dead dozens more on a nearby island.
安德斯·伯林·布雷维克已承认在奥斯陆市中心制造了致命的炸弹袭击，并在附近的一个岛上枪杀了数十人。
Before carrying out the attack on July 22, Breivik appears to have posted a 1500-page 'manifesto' online. Political experts say that the views expressed are consistent with many on the extreme right. One of his main grievances appears to be against Muslim immigration to Europe.
在7月22日进行袭击之前，布雷维克看来在网上发布了长达1500页的宣言。政治专家对美国之音说，布雷维克所表达的那些言论与许多极右主义思想一致。他的主要憎恨对象之一看来是欧洲的穆斯林移民。
Police in Norway say they believe he acted alone although they are investigating his claim to have links with other cells.
挪威警方说，他们相信布雷维克是单独作案，不过他们正在调查他所声称的与其它组织有关是否属实。
Security threat
Nigel Inkster is Director of Transnational Threats and Political Risk at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in Britain.
奈杰尔·英克斯特是英国智库国际战略研究所的跨国威胁和政治风险专家。
He says Islamic terrorism is the most serious threat to European security and is more difficult to trace. However, he notes that right wing extremists are relatively easy to track. For that reason, he says, at least in Britain, it's a job for the police rather than the security forces.
他说，伊斯兰恐怖主义是对欧洲安全最严重的威胁，而且较难追踪。他说，右翼极端分子相对容易追踪。他指出，出于这个原因，至少在英国，追踪极右分子的工作是由警察而不是安全部队来负责。
"These groups are not that difficult a security challenge, they are relatively easy to infiltrate and do not require the sophisticated, high end techniques that the security service would typically deploy so I think that's fair enough," Inkster said.
英克斯特说：“这些组织不是高难度的安全挑战，他们相对容易渗透，不需要安全部队通常使用的复杂高端技术，我想就是这样了。”
He says in Britain the threat posed by the extreme right normally does not come in the form of a major terror attack.
他还说，在英国，极右势力造成的威胁通常不会构成重大的恐怖袭击。
"I think most of the violence that we have seen from extreme right wing groups has been of a more, if you will, casual, street variety targeted against demonstrations by immigrant groups or simple attacks on immigrants," Inkster added.
英克斯特说：“我认为，我们所看到过的极右翼团体的暴力事件更具偶然性，他们针对移民团体的街头示威游行，或者只是对移民发起简单的攻击。”
Some British mosques say they are boosting their security following the attack in Norway.
英国的一些清真寺说，挪威的袭击事件发生后，他们正在加强安全戒备。 |