[00:28.50]You'll hear three pieces of recorded material.
[00:33.18]Before listening to each one,you will have time to
[00:38.14]read the questions related to it.
[00:41.80]While listening,
[00:44.67]answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D.
[00:50.00]After listening you will have time to check your answers.
[00:55.43]You will hear each piece once only.
[00:59.56]Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue.
[01:04.91]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
[01:11.29]M:Last week I bought a football' for my little nephew.
[01:18.08]He was delighted with it,and ran out into the garden to kick it about
[01:23.75]Two apple trees substituted for goal posts.
[01:28.29]and I had to act as a goalkeeper.
[01:32.26]He kept me busy there for more than an hour
[01:36.21]--and he is only five.
[01:39.58]Every boy has a natural impulse to kick a football about.
[01:45.14]And famous football stars are the gods of those little boys.
[01:50.71]How many dream that one day they will be gods too
[01:56.27]--professional footballers?
[02:00.14]If a schoolboy plays very well,
[02:03.90]he may find himself in an important match,
[02:08.44]a schoolboy international for example.
[02:12.57]The big clubs send "scouts" to these events to look for promising young players
[02:19.23]An outstanding boy may be invited by a "scout"
[02:24.09]to register with the club that he represents,
[02:28.82]as an "associated schoolboy".
[02:32.89]Clubs may register schoolboys over the age of thirteen,
[02:38.25]although they are not allowed to
[02:41.20]play in matches until they have reached the official school-leaving age.
[02:46.77]But they are well coached and trained.
[02:50.92]When one of these boys leaves school,
[02:55.28]he may,if he wishes,
[02:58.94]become an apprentice footballer to the team he has been associated with.
[03:05.10]Thus he is taught his job in the same way as any other apprentice;
[03:10.98]moreover,he is paid while he is being taught.
[03:16.02]At eighteen the apprentice is compelled to make up his mind
[03:21.48]whether to become a professional
[03:25.14]or to return to being an amateur
[03:29.19]This decision has to be very carefully considered.
[03:34.65]He must remember that he'll always have to face very strong competition from younger
[03:41.20]and perhaps better players
[03:44.86]always waiting andanxious to take hisplace.
[03:49.83]Questions 14-17 are based on a monologue about Architects.
[03:56.59]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14--17.
[04:04.53]W:We have all heard stories of the architect who forgot
[04:12.26]to provide stairs or lifts in the block of flats he was designing.
[04:18.32]There are even sillier tales of houses designed without any doors.
[04:24.57]Certainly,many strange buildings can be seen.
[04:30.03]In past centuries,
[04:34.00]there were hardly any building restrictions,
[04:38.65]and rich people could build whatever they wanted.
[04:43.22]Sometimes their ideas were very odd indeed
[04:48.37]and resulted in strange 'follies',
[04:52.73]such as a triangular cottage,
[04:57.27]or a house in the form of a pyramid,
[05:01.71]or a house disguised as a windmill.
[05:06.26]But nowadays there're a great many restrictions,both official and aesthetic
[05:12.32]and the architect must know all of them.
[05:16.76]The artistic and creative aspects are
[05:20.81]only a small part of the modern architect's work.
[05:25.49]He or she
[05:28.54]doesn't simply design a building and then wait for someone else to build it
[05:34.50]They must know all the qualities of the materials used
[05:40.24]and have to take into consideration heating,lighting,
[05:45.23]ventilation,insulation,drainage,and many other aspects
[05:50.38]that never worried our ancestors at all.
[05:55.24]In all building work
[05:59.08]there're three main parties:the client,the architect and the builder.
[06:05.84]The client tells the architect what he wants,or,at least,
[06:10.70]gives him some idea of the kind of building
[06:15.25]he or she has in mind.
[06:19.12]The architect then visits the site
[06:23.06]and prepares rough plans for the client's approval.
[06:27.81]Various authorities concerned are also consulted.
[06:32.78]When all the work has been approved in principle,
[06:37.45]and the plans satisfy the client,
[06:41.82]the architect can then prepare working
[06:46.07]drawings and detailed instructions for the builder.
[06:50.75]Different builders are then invited to submit estimates for doing the work;
[06:57.31]the most economical estimate is usually accepted.
[07:02.77]So the work begins.
[07:06.00]A modern architect is the leader of a team of specialists,
[07:11.36]and must co-ordinate all their services.
[07:16.11]There is no other profession
[07:19.88]that involves so many suppliers,contractors,consultants,authorities andtradesmen
[07:26.75]There are few jobs that are more difficult to carry out,
[07:31.89]and few that give more satisfaction when a project is completed successfully
[07:38.87]Questions 18-20 are based on the following Interview with a Biologist
[07:45.42]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18-20.
[07:51.35]W:Whales,I believe,are very sensitive animals;what
[07:58.09]has been the effect of pollution on them?
[08:02.35]M:There's been very little direct effect so far as we know to date.
[08:08.31]There are some bits of information about high levels of mercury
[08:13.95]and heavy metals in certain whale bodies,
[08:18.63]whales which are caught and processed in the normal way,
[08:23.48]whales which are washed up dead,
[08:27.64]but there's no direct evidence that it's the pollution
[08:32.68]which has caused the deaths.
[08:36.02]One example where there may be more direct evidence
[08:41.06]is in the Mediterranean...
[08:44.72]umm...there is a steel factory...umm...
[08:49.76]pouring very heavily contaminated water. .er...off France
[08:56.42]and there are records there of whales which appear to be burnt
[09:02.09]by the high acid concentration in the water
[09:06.74]Another kind of pollution apart from the chemical sort's sound pollution;
[09:13.30]with all the heavy ship traffic in the seas
[09:17.77]sound pollution is very considerable
[09:21.89]and the whales do communicate by sound.
[09:26.44]We know very little about the effect of all the noise in the ocean
[09:31.72]on the whale's behaviour,
[09:34.88]but it is a very serious question to consider.
[09:39.32]Can the whales still maintain contact with one another,
[09:44.18]can they still talk to one another with all the background noise
[09:49.85]increasing year by year?\
[09:53.29]W:Of course whales have to find each other for the purpose of mating and
[09:59.54]for other purposes over quite long distances,don't they?
[10:04.68]M:That's correct.The noises which the whales make...
[10:09.67]they range in frequency from very low notes to very high notes
[10:15.31]and certain frequencies have the potential ability of
[10:20.67]travelling over several hundreds of miles,
[10:24.82]perhaps even thousands of miles,
[10:29.08]but with the background noise again,
[10:32.92]whether the sound really can be picked up over that distance by the whales
[10:39.29]is a matter of real doubt now. |