This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

Tourists come to Zanzibar for its white sand beaches and historic buildings in Stone Town. But something else also makes its way to the Tanzanian island: heroin trafficked across the Indian Ocean from Asia.

去桑给巴尔(岛)的游客是因为其白色沙滩和石头镇上的历史建筑。但别的东西也使得它成为前往坦桑尼亚岛屿的一个途径：通过印度洋从亚洲贩卖海洛因。

Most of the heroin shipped through East Africa is headed for Europe and North America. But Reychad Abdool of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime says a lot of it stays on the continent.

大多数从东非运输的海洛因的目的地是欧洲和北美。但联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室的Reychad Abdool表示，其中大多数海洛因停留在非洲大陆。

REYCHAD ABDOOL: "We know for a fact that heroin is being used in at least thirty countries in Africa. And we also know for a fact that the number of countries reporting injecting drug use, especially of heroin, is also increasing in Africa."

REYCHAD ABDOOL：“我们知道这样一个事实，至少有30个非洲国家正在吸食海洛因。我们还知道，在非洲，报告了静脉吸毒，特别是海洛因静脉吸毒的国家数量也在增加。”

The problem in Zanzibar has led to some creative local solutions.

桑给巴尔(岛)问题已经产生了一些有创意的局部解决方案。

Suleiman Mauly stopped using heroin six years ago. Now he operates a network of so-called sober houses. These are run by addicts themselves to help one another recover. There are nine sober houses -- eight for men and one for women.

Suleiman Mauly 六年前停止吸食海洛因。目前他经营了一个名为sober houses的网络，通过吸毒者之间彼此帮助来戒毒。目前有9处sober houses，8处为男士专用，1处为女士专用。

Mr. Mauly himself went through a drug treatment program in Kenya. But it cost around two thousand dollars, he says, and "not many people can afford that in Zanzibar."

Mauly先生在肯尼亚完成了一次戒毒治疗，但花费了两千美元左右。他说，“桑给巴尔(岛)没有多少人可以负担得起。”

A former addict straightens a flag outside a sober house in Zanzibar 

Staying in a sober house costs about one hundred dollars a month. Most of the people are supported by their families.

呆在sober house每月需要花费100美元左右。多数戒毒者由家人提供资金支持。

Treatment is based on the idea that drug addiction is more of a public health problem than a crime. Mr. Mauly says this is still a new idea to many people.

治疗基于这样一种理念：吸毒成瘾是一个公共健康问题而不是犯罪。Mauly先生表示，这对很多人来说仍然是一个新理念。

SULEIMAN MAULY: " Because addiction, it's a disease, and addicts need treatment. But people, they hear that addicts are bad people and they need punishment."

SULEIMAN MAULY：“因为毒瘾是一种疾病，而吸毒者需要治疗。但人们听说吸毒者是坏人，必须接受惩罚。”

He says in the sober houses, the addicts are in charge of nearly everything.

他说，在sober houses，吸毒者几乎负责了所有事情。

SULEIMAN MAULY: "The sober house method, it's a new method to Zanzibar. It's a new phenomenon to East Africa, whereby drug addicts take responsibility to run the system. Recovering addicts are in charge, from the guard, kitchen, running sessions, everything."

SULEIMAN MAULY：“sober house采用的方法对桑给巴尔(岛)来说是一种新方法。它是东非一种新的奇迹，靠吸毒者负责运行这一系统。戒毒者负责警卫、厨房、运行环节等所有事情。”

This responsibility, he says, is important to building their belief in their own abilities. The men also learn woodworking as a way to earn money.

他说，这种责任对建立他们的自信非常重要。戒毒的男子还学习木工作为一种赚钱途径。

Much of the program is based on the twelve-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous. But it also includes art therapy, yoga and even acupuncture. This is done by Kassim Nyuni, a sober house counselor and former addict himself. He was trained by a volunteer from a Chinese medical school in Hawaii.

sober house的大部分方案是基于嗜酒者互诫协会（Alcoholics Anonymous）的十二步戒酒方案。但它也包括艺术治疗、瑜伽，甚至是针灸。针灸由sober house辅导员，前吸毒者Kassim Nyuni负责，来自夏威夷中医学院的一名志愿者对他进行了培训。

KASSIM NYUNI: "It reduces tension, and it's relaxing. It's a kind of treatment that's very effective for the recovering addicts."

KASSIM NYUNI：“它可以减缓紧张，而且它很轻松。这是一种对戒毒者非常有效的治疗手段。”

Still, Mr. Nyuni estimates that around sixty percent of the recovering addicts in the program return to heroin.

尽管如此，Nyuni先生估计该项目中有60%左右的戒毒者重新吸食海洛因。

Suleiman Mauly hopes to expand the network in Zanzibar. His next goal, he says, is to send former addicts to work with heroin users in prisons.

Suleiman Mauly希望在桑给巴尔(岛)扩大这一网络。他表示，他的下一个目标是将前吸毒者送往监狱和海洛因吸食者一起工作。

Edwin has been in the program for five months. He says that without the will to change, the sober house method cannot possibly help.

Edwin在这个项目中已经呆了5个月。他说，如果自己没有改变的意愿，sober house的方法并不能有所帮助。

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Steve Ember.

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Contributing: Hilary Heuler