Neil: Hello and welcome to Six-Minute English from BBC Learning English, I'm Neil

　　and with me today is Rosie.

　　Rosie: Hi there.

　　Neil: Well, today we're talking about men.

　　Rosie: That sounds interesting.

　　Neil: It is very interesting especially if you're a man because it seems we've had

　　our existence extended.

　　Rosie: I'm sorry?

　　Neil: Well, some previous scientific research had suggested that the Y

　　chromosome, which is responsible for men's sex organs and hormones, is

　　rotting away!

　　Rosie: Oh dear. Are you going to make it till the end of the programme, Neil?

　　Neil: Ah yes – even the most pessimistic findings suggested that men had 100

　　thousand years left, so I think 6 minutes is ok! Before we get into this story

　　though, I have a quiz question for you, Rosie. Are you ready?

　　Rosie: Yes, I am.

　　Neil: It's a simple question. What is the ratio of men to women in the world? Is it

　　a) Equal – so 100 males to every 100 females.

　　b) 101 males to every 100 females.

　　c) 100 males to every 105 females.

　　Rosie: Well, I have absolutely no idea. So, I am going to guess and I am going to

　　say c) 100 males to every 105 females.

　　Neil: OK, we'll find out at the end of the programme.

　　Rosie: So, tell me more about this new research into the possible extinction of men.

　　Neil: Well it now seems that men can breathe a sigh of relief. Scientists

　　compared the decline in the male human's Y chromosome – remember that's

　　the thing that's responsible for deciding the sex of a child – with that of the

　　rhesus monkey.

　　Rosie: OK. That's the monkey that we separated from 25 million years ago.

　　Neil: That's right. And their conclusion was that the Y chromosome is depleted but

　　it's still got all of the vital bits.

　　Rosie: Lucky you! Here's Jennifer Hughes from the Whitehead Institute in Cambridge

　　Massachusetts. She was in charge of the research:

　　Jennifer Hughes, Whitehead Institute in Cambridge Massachusetts

　　I think that the odds of the Y losing any more genes are pretty slim. It appears that it's

　　been stable for 25 million years and that is a good indication that's it going to be stable for

　　many many millions of years to come and the genes that remain on the Y probably have

　　very important functions and therefore natural selection is doing a very good job of

　　preserving those genes.

　　Rosie: She said the odds of the Y chromosome losing any more genes are pretty

　　slim – meaning it's unlikely. Genes are the parts of cells which have the

　　information which passes characteristics from a parent to a child.

　　Neil: So it sounds like us males are safe for many millions of years to come.

　　Rosie: She also added that natural selection is doing a very good job of preserving

　　the genes.

　　Neil: Natural selection is the way animals die when they are weak or living in

　　unsuitable surroundings. Meanwhile the stronger ones continue to live. Let's

　　have another listen to that interview with Jennifer Hughes, who's in charge of

　　the research:

　　Jennifer Hughes, Whitehead Institute in Cambridge Massachusetts

　　I think that the odds of the Y losing any more genes are pretty slim. It appears that it's

　　been stable for 25 million years and that is a good indication that's it going to be stable for

　　many many millions of years to come and the genes that remain on the Y probably have

　　very important functions and therefore natural selection is doing a very good job of

　　preserving those genes.

　　Neil: Now here's an interesting fact, Rosie. Did you know that men's sex

　　chromosomes are not as sophisticated as female ones?

　　Rosie: No I didn't know that, but it doesn't come as a surprise to me!

　　Neil: I thought you might say that. But you know what – I'm happy having less

　　sophisticated chromosomes if it means men continue to live for a little longer.

　　Now there's only one way to end this programme, Rosie, and that is to

　　imagine a world without men.

　　Rosie: OK, well for a start more would get done.

　　Neil: Are you suggesting that men are lazy?

　　Rosie: Well, they can be. My boyfriend, for example, had never used a washing

　　machine until he was 30 years old.

　　Neil: Right, well we're getting into stereotypes here! So how about this one - if

　　there were only women in the world, you'd never get into the bathroom.

　　Rosie: OK, I'll give you that one. I agree that women do spend longer in the

　　bathroom than men.

　　Neil: And who's going to catch spiders and mice for you?

　　Rosie: Ah, now that is absolutely not true! My boyfriend is terrified of mice. In fact

　　he ran away from one in the kitchen just last night.

　　Neil: Well, to be honest, I don't really like mice either, I must say. But what about

　　lifting heavy things? I am always expected to do heavy lifting, which I hate by

　　the way.

　　Rosie: Yes I confess that men are useful for that. And also for opening jars with the

　　lids too tightly screwed on. And on a more serious note, I think there would

　　probably be far fewer wars if there were only women. I think women would be

　　more likely to talk problems over than resort to violence.

　　Neil: Well you might be right there but it's difficult to say because most of the

　　world's leaders are men of course. OK Rosie, this entertaining debate must

　　come to an end. We need an answer to the question. I asked what the ratio is

　　of men to women in the world. Is it

　　a) Equal – so for every 100 males there are 100 females.

　　b) 101 males to every 100 females.

　　c) 100 males to every 105 females.

　　What did you say?

　　Rosie: I said c) 100 males to every 105 females

　　Neil: And you were completely wrong. It's 101 males to every 100 females. Do join

　　us again for more 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. Bye for now!

　　Rosie: Bye bye!

　　Vocabulary and definitions

　　chromosome a very small structure in animal or plant cells

　　hormones chemical substances in the body that influence cell

　　function

　　pessimistic expecting bad things to happen

　　ratio numerical expression of the relative sizes between two

　　or more values

　　extinction a situation in which a life form stops existing

　　breathe a sigh of relief feel happy that something unpleasant stops

　　depleted reduced by a large amount

　　genes units in cells that control qualities passed on through

　　generations

　　natural selection a process in nature that determines chances of survival

　　stereotypes a fixed idea or image that people have about something