Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police小象对警察
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the police have to push Jumbo off the main street?
Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital. Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic. Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move. Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. 'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.'
New words and expressions 生词和短语
versus prep.
Christmas n.
circus n.
present n.
accompany v.
approach v.
ought modal verb.
weigh v.
fortunate adj.
参考译文
去年圣诞节，马戏团老板吉米.盖茨决定送些礼物给儿童医院。他打扮成圣诞老人，在由6个漂亮姑娘组成的“仪仗队”的陪同下，骑上一头名叫江伯的小象，沿着城里的主要街道出发了。他本该知道警察绝不会允许这类事情发生。一个警察走过来告诉吉米，他应该走一条小路，因为江泊阻碍了交通。虽然吉米同意马上就走，但江伯却拒绝移动。15个警察不得不用很大的力气把它推离主要街道。警察虽然吃了苦头，但他们还是感到很有趣。“江伯一定有好几吨重，”一个警察事后这样说，“值得庆幸的是它没让我们抬它走。当然，我们应该逮捕它，但由于它一贯表现很好，这次我们饶了它。”
自学导读
1．Jumbo versus the police,（标题）小象对警察。
versus表了竞赛等中“……对……”：
Have you watched the game last night? It was France versus Italy.
昨天晚上的比赛你看了吗？是法国队对意大利队。
2．Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a‘guard of honour’of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo. 他打扮成圣诞老人，在由6个漂亮姑娘组成的“仪仗队”的陪同下，骑上一头名叫江伯的小象，沿着城里的主要街道出发了。
（1）dress up as表示“装扮成……（的样子）”，这里的 dressed 有表示状态的含义。
（2）在英国英语中，圣诞老人通常用 Father Christmas表示。Father大写可表示对老人的一种尊称：Father Baker（贝克大爷／老爹）。
（3）accompany (vt.)的主要含义是“陪伴”、“陪同”：
Jane accompanied her mother to the theatre last night.
昨天晚上，简陪她母亲去看戏了。
When I saw her yesterday, she was accompanied by her boyfriend.
昨天我见到她时，她正由她的男朋友陪着。
（4）guard of honour指“仪仗队”， guard可表示“（一队）警卫队”、“（一队）卫兵／哨兵”等。of six pretty girls中的 of表示“由……组成的”：
A group of six Chinese boys took part in the competition.
一个由6名中国男孩组成的小组参加了这次竞赛。
（5）down在这里是介词，表示“沿”、“顺”、“循”的意思：
Just walk down the street and you'll see the post office.
一直沿着这条街走，你就会看到邮局。
（6）baby可作形容词，表示“幼小的”、“小的”、“小型的”等含义：She likes to watch baby dogs.
她喜欢观看小狗。
She has a baby car.
她有一辆微型汽车。
3．…Jumbo was holding up the traffic. ……江伯阻碍了交通。
hold up 为固定短语，其含义之一为“阻止”、“使停顿”、“延误”、“阻碍”：
If you park the car in the street, it'll hold up the traffic.
如果你把车停在街上，它将会阻碍交通。
4．to get him off the main street, 把它推离主要街道。get off在这里表示“从……移去／除去”：
Please get the box off the boat.
请把那箱子从小船上弄下来。
5．…they were most amused.……他们感到很有趣。
most 在这里相当于very。
6．…but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time. ……但由于它一贯表现很好，这次我们饶了它。
let…off 表示“放过”、“饶过”、“对……从轻处理”。record 可表示“履历”、“历史”或“成绩”等：
Her record as a secretary in the firm isn't very good.
她在这家公司当秘书时表现不太好。
Dan made a good/ poor record in school.
丹上学时成绩很好／不佳。
The thief has a long record.
这小偷有一长串犯罪记录。
语法 Grammar in use
表示“应该”和“必须”的情态助动词 should, ought, have to 与must
（1）在第17课的语法中，我们学习了表示不可逃避的义务或表示“必须”的must。must通常只用于现在时和将来时，其他时态则用 have to代替。have to比 must往往更强调客观的要求或外在的原因：
In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。
Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.
去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。
（2）should 和 ought to都可译为“应该”，表示义务、责任或某个正确的行为。ought to比 should语气略强些，多用于肯定句；疑问句与否定结构则多用 should。与它们相比， must和 have to 的语气要强得多，没有选择余地：
（3）had to表示过去必须做某事，而 should／ought to+have+过去分词则表示过去应该做（或完成）而没有做的事
词汇学习 Word study
1．let
let 一般作及物动词，主要含义是“允许”、“让”，后面可以跟不同的小品词，有时意义变化不大，有时则变化较大。
（1）let in的含义之一是“允许进来”：
The woman who let me in had a baby in her arms.
开门让我进来的那位妇女抱着一个孩子。
（2）let out的含义之一是“放走”、“释放”、“放出去”：You shouldn't have let the thief out.
你不该把小偷放走。
Every evening they let the dog out.
他们每天傍晚把狗放出去。
（3）let off可以表示“放过”、“饶过”、“宽恕”、“对……从轻处理”：
I think we shall let him off this time.
我想这次我们饶了他。
The thief never dreamt that the police would let him off.
小偷从未想到警察会对他从轻处理。
（4）let down可以表示“使……失望”或“（在紧要关头）抛弃”等：
They need your help. Don't let them down.
他们需要你的帮助。别让他们失望。
He failed in the exam again and his parents felt let down.
他考试又没及格，他父母觉得很失望。
2．agree 与 accept
（1）agree(vi.) 的主要含义是“同意（计划、建议等）”，常与to和with连用：
I agree with you.
我同意你的意见。
They invited me to their wedding and I've agreed to go.
他们邀请我参加他们的婚礼，我已同意参加。
（2）accept主要作及物动词，表示“接受”、“收受”等：
She offered me some of her children's clothes and I accepted them.
她给了我一些她孩子们的衣服，我接受了。
（3）当 accept 表示“同意”、“接受”时，其含义与agree有相似之处，但用法不同：
I don't accept your opinion/ agree with your opinion.
我不同意你的观点。
3．dress 与dress up
（1）dress (vt., vi.)表示“穿衣”、“打扮”：
He did not like the way she was dressed.
他不喜欢她的那副打扮。
She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat.
第二天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣。
Tom has nearly learned how to dress/ dress himself now.
汤姆现在已差不多学会如何穿衣了。
（2）dress up表示“穿上盛装”、“精心打扮”、“装扮（成……）”等：Is everyone required to dress up for this party?
这个晚会要求大家都穿礼服吗？
He dressed up as Father Christmas.
他装扮成圣诞老人。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
C 1 should (or ought to) come
2 had to do
3 should (or ought to) have come
4 should (or ought to) have asked
5 had to explain
2．难点练习答案
1 accepted…off 2 dress up…down
3．多项选择题答案
1 a 2d 3b 4b 5c 6a
7 a 8 d 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d
【new words and expressions】 生词和短语
★versus prep. 对
vs.
★christmas n. 圣诞节
christmas eve
father christmas :圣诞老人
santa claus:圣诞老人
★circus n.马戏团
★present n. 礼物
gift
★accompany v. 陪伴，随行
i'll accompany you to your hotel.
i'll accompany you home.
★approach v. 走近
come nearer and nearer
the old man approaches 80 years old.
approach sb
he is approaching me.
approach n.途径，方法
we have found an approach to success.
★ought modal verb. 应该
ought to do sth
should do sth.
should :应该（我认为）
ought to:应该（义务上）
you should knock at the door.
you ought to knock at the door.
★weigh v. 重
sb+weigh+体重
weight n.
lose weight 减肥
★fortunate adj.幸运的
lucky:有幸运的，幸运的
【课文讲解】
在阅读理解中学会化整为零，在写作当中学会化零为整
take to:把．．．送到
dress up as ：打扮成为
dress up 打扮
be dressed
accompanied
a guard of honour:仪仗队
set off:出发
riding 跟主语有关系，必然是状语
should have done :原本该做而没做
needn't have done :过去不必做但是做了
ought to :应该
所有的情态动词＋have done 都跟过去有关
１．跟虚拟语气有关的：would ahve done
2. 表示推测句型：may/must/can't have done
as=because
hold up the traffic:阻碍交通
though:尽管
agree to do :同意做某事
agree with sb
agree to (prep.)sth
I agree with you.
I agree to your advice
I agree to go with you.
off=away from 离开什么地方
must+v. 推测，have to:不得不
afterwards=later:后来
It was fortunate that...
carry:抬起来
should 跟现在有关系
should have done 跟过去有关系
let sb off(go):让某人走（离开）
record:(警察局的）记录
set up a new world record
sb have a good record
resume :履历
情态动词＋have done 一定和过去有关系
１表示推测的过去：must/can't/may
2.虚拟语气相连：would have done
3.should have done :原本该做但是没做
4.needn't have done :原本不必做但是做了
【Key structure】
should (应该）（含有建议）
ought to:应该（强调义务）
have to :不得不
must 表示推测
1...should...
2...had to...
3...should have done...
4...ought to have done...
5...had to...
let sb off 让某人走
let sb down 让某人失望
let sb in/out :让某人进来／出去
情态动词如果后面加动词原形，认为跟现在／将来有关系；一旦要和过去有关系，一定会在情态动词后面加have done
【Multiple choice questions】
Structure
3.b
as 后面要加句子，只有在the same as 结构时不加句子，或者是as...as
Lucy is the same as her sister
like 的后面加词
like me 像我这样
like London 像伦敦一样
seem 后面可以直接加形容词
He seemed rich 他看起来很富有
seem 后面会加to 这个不定式结构
He seemed to be rich
一个句型：It seemed that... 表示某件事情看起来似乎如此
It seemed that he is rich
seem 的后面常常会加as if
4.b
7.a
must 的后面是不会加to的
have to 当中的have 是实义动词
【Summary writing】
1.
He decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.
He dressed up as Father Christmas.
He set off down the main street.
He was riding an elephant called Jumbo.
After 的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加having done
After knocking at the door
After having knocked at the door
After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up
as Father Christmas,he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
2.On being that he was holding up the traffic,he agreed to go at once,but Jumbo refused to move,so fifteen policemen had to push him off main street.
on 加在动词前面，相当于as soon as
be 在这儿要跟done相连
but 句跟主句并列
3.
as 因为
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