这些已经垄断市场的公司很难靠新产品提高业绩

　　So the people who can make the company more successful are sales and marketing people.

　　要想提高业绩还得依靠营销部门

　　And they end up running the companies, and the product people get driven out of this decision making forms.

　　于是他们逐渐控制公司，而产品部门的人被边缘化

　　And the companies forget what it means to make great products. It... Sort of the product sensibility, and...

　　公司就丧失了打造优秀的产品热情和能力

　　The product genius brought them to that monopolistic position gets rotted out by people running this companies who have no conception of a good product versus a bad product.

　　产品部门的功臣慢慢被不懂产品的人排挤

　　They have no conception of craftsmanship that’s required … that take a good idea and turn it into a good product.

　　后者通常缺少研发产品的技术和能力

　　And they really have no feeling in their hearts usually about wanting to really help the customers.

　　而且也并非打心底愿意替客户解决问题

　　So that’s what happens in Xerox, the people in Xerox PARC used to call the people who run the Xerox tonerheads,

　　施乐公司就是这样，施乐研究院的人私底下把管理层叫做墨粉脑袋

　　and these tonerheads would come out to the Xerox and PARC says they have no clue of what they are saying.

　　而这些管理人员完全不明白为什么被嘲笑

　　For our audience, toner is what?

　　观众可能不清楚墨粉是什么？

　　Toner is what you put in a copier; you know the toner you add to an industrial copier?

　　就是复印机里用的墨粉。

　　The black stuff?

　　那个黑色的东西？

　　The black stuff, yeah. Basically they were copier heads, just have no clue about what a computer can do,

　　是的，这些墨粉脑袋压根不知道计算机能做什么

　　and so they just grabbed the feed from great victory of the computer industry,

　　他们不过是碰巧赶上了计算机产业的顺风车

　　Xerox could have owned the entire computer industry, could have been company 10 times of its size, could have been IBM, Could have been IBM in the 1990’s, …. could have been the Microsoft in the 1990’s.

　　施乐本来有机会把规模扩大10倍，独占整个行业，就像90年代的IBM或微软

　　So ... But anyway that’s all ancient history, doesn’t really matter anymore.

　　不过都已经过去了，不重要了