VOA常速英语2014--调查发现很多乌克兰人现在反俄罗斯（在线收听）

New Survey Finds Many Ukrainians Now Anti-Russia 调查发现很多乌克兰人现在反俄罗斯

KYIV — A new survey indicates that Russia's takeover of Crimea and its support of rebels in eastern Ukraine have turned much of the Ukrainian population against it. The moves could also impact Russia in other ways.

For many years after the fall of the Soviet Union, most Ukrainians thought their country should be aligned with Russia. That belief had been changing gradually over the years, but not anymore, according to the latest survey by Kyiv's Razumkov Center.

苏联解体多年后，大多数乌克兰人仍认为他们的国家应该和俄罗斯结盟。这一信念这些年在逐渐改变，但基辅拉祖姆科夫中心的最新调查发现不是每个人都如此。

"Really, [the] main lesson is that the situation in Ukraine is changed radically,” said the Razumkov Center’s director of sociological research, Andrii Bychenko.

“最大的感受是乌克兰的局势已经彻底改变了。” 拉祖姆科夫中心社会研究主任Andrii Bychenko

Bychenko said in a sudden shift more than half of all Ukrainians now believe the country should be more closely aligned with the European Union.

最近称突然之间，一半以上的乌克兰人开始认为乌克兰应该和欧盟更亲密地结盟。

"The main reason why Ukrainian society changed so quickly to pro-European; it's mainly because of Russian aggression," said Bychenko.

“乌克兰社会这么快地变为亲欧洲，其主要原因是俄罗斯的入侵。”

Even in eastern Ukraine, where separatists are active, the survey shows only 22 percent of the people want Ukraine aligned with Russia, while 32 percent say it should be closer to the EU. Others have a different view or none at all.

即使是在分裂分子活跃的乌克兰东部，调查显示这里只有22%的人希望乌克兰与俄罗斯结盟，而32%的人称应该和欧洲结盟。其他人则认为哪个都不应该与之结盟。

A drop in Russia's popularity in Ukraine may be only part of the story.

俄罗斯在乌克兰欢迎度的下降只是一个方面。

Russian exile and strategy expert Igor Sutyagin, now at London's Royal United Services Institute, said that by empowering militants in eastern Ukraine - many of them from Russia -- the Kremlin has created a problem that could backfire.

目前在伦敦皇家三军防务研究所的俄罗斯流放和战略专家素亚金说，克里姆林宫在乌克兰东部授权了多来自俄罗斯的武装分子，这就可能产生相反的后果。

"They are currently highly radicalized. They have got that feeling of freedom, feeling of fighting against rules. And they have got weapons. Instability in the east of Ukraine is much higher than would be desirable just to control or influence Kyiv's policy," said Sutyagin.

“这些人现在非常极端，他们有了自由的感觉，感觉是在为反对统治而战，他们还有武器。乌克兰东部的动荡程度比需要用以影响乌克兰政策所需的程度要高。”

Meanwhile, Sutyagin said, Russian President Vladimir Putin is facing another problem. His quick annexation of Crimea has raised domestic expectations of an easy takeover of eastern Ukraine. Military experts, however, say Russia would face fierce opposition from many local people.

同时，素亚金说俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京还面临另一个问题，他轻易吞并克里米亚的行为使得国内期待能轻易夺得乌克兰东部。然而军事专家称俄罗斯可能面临当地人的激烈反对。

According to Igor Sutyagin, the cost of such a military operation, plus subsidies for an area with serious economic problems and the threatened increase in Western sanctions, make invasion an unattractive prospect.

素亚金说，考虑到这样军事行动的成本，以及该地区面临的严重经济问题和西方要实施制裁的威胁，入侵该地区可不是个令人向往的前景。

"It's already too costly for Russia to swallow Crimea. It will be just impossible to swallow the east of Ukraine, but the public is expecting it. So that's the difficulty," said Sutyagin.

“俄罗斯吞并克里米亚已经消耗太大了，所以不可能吞并乌克兰东部，但公众却对此有期待，所以这会很难。”

Video of well-armed and organized Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine, and Russian troops along the border, sometimes make war seem inevitable. It could still happen, but many experts believe President Putin will conclude that the cost in economic terms, in Russia's relations with Ukraine and the West, and possibly in military terms, would be too high.

视频上显示乌克兰东部持有武器且组织精良、有俄罗斯支持的分裂分子，以及边境上的俄罗斯部队，这让人感觉战争似乎不可避免。战争可能发生，但很多专家认为普京总统可能会得出这样的结论：考虑到经济成本，考虑到俄罗斯同乌克兰和西方的关系，以及可能的军事问题，这一切的成本可能太高了。