Lesson 10—Not For Jazz
课文内容：
Not For Jazz
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
参考译文：
我们有一件古老的乐器,叫击弦古钢琴.它是1681年德国制造的, 我们这架钢琴放在客厅里.我们家拥有它很长时间了,这件乐器是许多年前我祖父买来的.最近它被一位客人弄坏了,她用它弹奏爵士乐! 她按键太猛,把两根弦按断了.我父亲为之震怒. 现在他不允许我们再碰它.父亲的一位朋友正在修理这件古老的乐器.
词汇：
jazz n.爵士音乐
musical a.音乐的
instrument n.器具
call vt.叫做
clavichord n.击弦古钢琴
Germany n.德国
keep vt.保存
living-room n.客厅
belong vi.属于
recently ad.最近
damage vt.损坏
play vt.弹奏
key n.琴键
strike vt.敲
hard ad.重重地
string n.弦
break vt.弄断
shock vt.震惊
touch vt.碰
allow vt.允许
repair vt.修理
新概念英语正版图书购买
自学导读
1．One good turn deserves another,（标题）礼尚往来。
（1）名词turn的含义之一是“（帮助或损害他人的）举动”、“行为”：
Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn.
乔治昨天做了一件对我有利／不利的事。
He is always ready to do a turn for others.
他总是乐于为他人做好事。
（2）deserve的意义为“应受”、“应得（奖赏、惩罚等）”、“值得”，通常为及物动词：
His words deserve attention.
他的话值得注意。
Mary deserves the prize.
玛丽应得这个奖。
2．He gets a good salary…他的薪水很高……
good在这里的意思是“相当大／多的”、“相当可观的”：
It takes me a good three hours to get there.
我花了整整3小时才到达那里。
3．…but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. ……但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。
（1）连词and在这句话中可解释为“并且”、“另外”(in addition)。
（2）pay在这里的意思是“偿还（债务等）”。
pay还可以解释为“付”、“支付（价款、账单等）”，如课文的最后一句话：
…so now you can pay for my dinner!
……所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！
pay 既是及物动词也可以是不及物动词：
How much did you pay for that dress?
那件衣服你花了多少钱？
I paid the bill.
我付了账。
语法 Grammar in use
1．在前10课的语法中，我们比较了一般过去时、一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时和过去进行时等时态以及和它们相关的时间状语，另外还学习了被动语态。现在我们通过例句简要回顾一下所学过的内容：
2．动词+名词／代词+ 带to 的不定式
某些动词之后的带to的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词／代词可有可无，但有和没有经常影响整个句子的意义：
I want to speak to John.
我想和约翰谈话。(=I will speak.)
I want you to speak to John.
我希望你和约翰谈谈。(=You will speak.)
但是，还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。这类动词不但可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：
Mr. Turner did not allow us to see the picture.
特纳先生没让我们看那幅画。
We were not allowed to see the picture.
人们不许我们看那幅画。
He taught me to paint.
他教我绘画。
Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.
简帮着朱莉做饭。
词汇学习 Word study
1．salary与wage
salary可译为“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指职员、脑力劳动者（如律师、教师、医生等）的收入，数额比较固定，一般按月支付：
My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.
我每月28号领工资。
wage可译为“工资”、“工钱”，通常指技工或一般体力劳动者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用复数形式wages:
When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.
我当侍者时工资不高，但小费可观。
Women often get low wages.
妇女的报酬通常很低。
2．borrow与lend
borrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，经常与from连用：
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn't given me it yet.
他昨天借了我的钢笔，到现在他还没有还我。
Can I borrow ￡ 20 from you please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
我能从您这里借20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。
lend的意思是“把……借给”、“借出”，经常与介词to连用：
He refused to lend any money to Tom.
他不肯借给汤姆钱。
Can you lend me ￡ 20 please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
您能借给我20英镑吗？我明天就还给您。
Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?
你今天下午能把车借我用一下吗？
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A a he is now working (1.2)
b he gets (1.3); he always borrows (1.3); never pays it back (1.4)
c came in…worked (11.2-2); Tony saw (1.4); came and sat (1.4); I asked him (1.6); he gave me (1.7); Tony said (1.8)
d He has never borrowed (1.5); I have never borrowed (1.7)
e I was having (1.1); he was eating (1.6)
C 1 gets…got
2 have not had
3 was writing…talked/ were talking
4 am typing
5 passed/ were passing
D The Taj Mahal was built…after he became/ had become ruler, his wife…died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in…The Taj Mahal, which was begun in 1632 and (was) completed in 1654, cost a fortune…it has been visited by…
2．难点练习答案
a
A 1 The officer ordered the men to fire at the enemy.
2 He wants his wife to wear this dress.
3 She wants us to explain it.
4 I cannot allow him to enter the room.
B (sample sentences)
1 He asked me to help him.
2 We preferred her to stay at home.
3 He taught me to speak English.
4 My mother wished me to collect the laundry.
5 Do you want her to visit you?
b
1 salary 2 lent…salary/ wages 3 borrowed 4 wages 5 wages
3．多项选择题答案
1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c
7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d
课堂笔记
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★jazz n. 爵士音乐
a kind of music
★musical adj. 音乐的
music student : the student who learned music
musical student :有音乐天赋的
★instrument n. 乐器
instrument=musical instrument
★clavichord n. 古钢琴
a kind of instrument
★recently adv. 最近
recently=lately
★damage v. 损坏
★key n. 琴键
key to the door
Do you know the key(答案） to the question?
key(关键)structure
★string n. （乐器的）弦
★shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊
跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂
The news shocks me
凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：
1.令人……；+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed
It shocked me.
It is shocking.
I'm shocked.
get a shock n.
sb.get a shock
surprise 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise.
shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴
★allow v. 允许，让
allow doing
Smoking is allowed.
allow sb. to do sth
sb.be allowed to do sth.
You are allow to smoke
You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
allow用被动
★touch v. 触摸，碰
【课文讲解】
be done
call sb.sth.
sb.be called
be made
be made in +地点
be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料）:由……制造（材料）
The ring is made of gold.
It is made from plastic.
be made into:被……制成
The gold is made into a ring.
is done:被动语态的一般现在时
was done:被动语态的一般过去时
使用那一个不取决于动词，而取决于该句话的时态
只要见到ago,一定使用过去时
主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by
play: 1.跟球类连用，直接＋球类；2.跟乐器连用，＋the+乐器
play music on + 乐器
hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深
汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式
be+动词的ing形式：进行时态
be+done: 被动语态
be being done：被动语态的现在进行时
be动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种
have been done
will be done
can be done
had been done
is/am/are/was/were/ done
I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made.
The cake has been made.
The cake was made.
The cake had been made.
强调对象是人用主动，强调对象是物用被动，被强调的部分永远做主语
双重所有格／双重属格：名词＋of＋名词所有格（名词性的物主代词）
只有一张照片 my photo
很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine
It happened to a friend of mine.
【Special difficulties】
Exercise A
1.of 2.in 3.from
Exercise B
1.He borrowed a record of mine.
2.She showed me a picture of John's
3.It was an idea of hers.
4.A letter of yours was found on my desk.
5.Some friends of theirs came to see me.
双重属格结构：
"a friend of my father"
"my father's friend(s)" ……只有一个（很多）朋友
"a friend of my father's" √
强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候，选用双重属格结构
【Multiple choice questions】
7....A
"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许
肯定结构中must和have to是一个感念
否定结构中must和have to就不一样了
mustn't:不准，不可以
have to的否定：不必(have实意动词）……don't have to
You don't have to go to school.
You mustn't go to school.
9....A
keep(kept,kept):保持；保存
keep sth.+地点：在某地放...（状态）
put:放（动作）
That's where
That's后面＋以特殊疑问词引导的从句
That's why:那就是...的原因
That's where:那就是...地点
lift:举起
carry:扛着，背着，抱着
hold:拥有，持有，握着
have:拥有
10....C
"damaged"……可以修复
destroy……无法修复
pain……有身体的疼痛
hurt……hurt oneself／身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害
身体的某个部位＋hurt: ...疼痛
My hand hurts.
My leg hurts.
Hurt my leg.
broke——打破，打断，打碎
I broke my leg.
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