VOACSYY 2014--点球背后的科学带来几乎百罚百中策略（在线收听）

Science Behind Penalty Kicks Claims Almost 100% Success 点球背后的科学带来几乎百罚百中策略

Deadlocked football matches often end in penalty kicks, most recently in Sunday’s World Cup match between Costa Rica and Greece.  

With penalty kicks playing such a key role in the competition, a British scientist advises football teams to look into the science behind them.

In the 1994 World Cup, a missed penalty kick by Roberto Baggio dashed the hopes of the Italian team in the final match against Brazil.

可曾记得1994年世界杯上,罗伯特·巴乔射失的那粒点球使得意大利队在决赛中将胜利拱手让给了巴西队。

Team psychologists and strategists have long studied the emotions of both the kicker and the goalie, trying to find strong and weak points.

团队心理学家和战术大师们一直致力于研究主罚点球队员和守门员的情绪,试图破解决定制胜因素的关键。

Ken Bray, a sport scientist at the University of Bath, says to be successful the kicker must aim for the area outside the goalkeeper's maximum reach.

巴斯大学的运动学家肯·布雷表示罚点球队员成功的秘诀就在于将目标锁定在门将的最大扑救范围之外。

“If you can place the ball outside of his diving envelope you should be successful almost 100 percent of the time.”

“如果能把球踢到他的最大扑救范围之外，你肯定是百罚百中。”

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Studies have shown that shots inside the envelope were saved 50 percent of the time, which is the same as flipping a coin. But shots aimed at the so-called unsavable zone were more than 80 percent successful.

研究表明,罚球如果在最大扑救范围内，有50%的几率会被门将成功救险，就好像抛掷硬币一样。但如果是在这一区域之外，超过80%的射门都会命中。

Bray, who wrote the book, "How to Score," also says anxiety issues dictate that the team's coach should not let his best shooter make the first kick.

著有《如何得分》一书的布雷还表示焦虑问题显示球队教练不应该让他的头号点球专家第一个出场主罚。

“Less experienced first, more experienced last, produces a better result on average.”

“第一出场的队员通常缺乏经验,而最后登场的人则更有经验,平均而言会产生更好的结果。”

Goalkeepers also employ their own strategies to distract kickers.

守门员也利用他们自己的策略分散主罚球员的注意力。

“When the player's walking up, I'll have the ball in my hands before, so then they'll have to come and get it off me, so then as they're walking back, I step out a little bit, so the ref has to tell me to step on my line.Just get into the players' heads.”

“当球员走过来的时候,我要让球在我手上,这样他们会过来管我要球,然后当他们回到点球点的时候,我就走出去一点点,所以裁判就要告诉我踩线的规则。仅仅是要让神经绷紧一些。”

Ken Bray says coaches should not choose penalty kickers on a volunteer basis but rather carefully analyze which of their players is best suited for the nerve-wracking task.

肯·布雷表示教练不应该在自愿的基础上挑选主罚点球者,他们应该仔细严苛分析哪位球员才最适合这个让人头疼的任务。