VOA常速英语2015--帕尔玛食品生产商担心受山寨产品影响（在线收听）

Parma Food Producers Worry About Impact of Imitations 帕尔玛食品生产商担心受山寨产品影响

Food producers in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy are worried that cheap imitations of their famous Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese and Prosciutto di Parma ham from other parts of the world could ruin the reputation of their refined products.

The original Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is made from raw cow's milk according to an 800-year-old tradition. It can take two years for the cheese to age and get ready for consumption. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective derived from Parma, the city, and Reggiano stands for the region of Emilia. The cheese is known internationally as parmesan.

最传统的帕马森干酪奶酪是按照沿用了近800年的悠久的传统用生牛奶制作而成。这种奶酪的制作工序需要历时2年时间之后才能开始使用。Parmigiano是意大利语中城市帕尔马的形容词, 而Reggiano代表伊米莉亚地区。因此它在国际上享有帕尔玛奶酪的美誉。

"Parmigiano-Reggiano comes from here and can only be made in this way and in this region, and the process all starts with milk produced by cows reared on local vegetation," said Igino Morini, spokesman for the Parmigiano-Reggiano Consortium.

“帕尔玛奶酪在这里出生而且只能以这种方式在这一地区制作,所有工序中首当其冲都是从当地饲养奶牛产的奶开始。”

European law classifies the original name, as well as the translation parmesan, as a protected indication of geographic origin.

欧洲法律将这个传统名字加以分类以及对帕尔玛的翻译都是作为对地理起源的保护。

"The European Court of Justice has declared that the Parmesan appellation, like all other similar appellations, can only be used for genuine parmesan," Morini said. "And for us it's very important. It represents a historic judicial decision that says that all false appellations within the EU are forbidden."

“欧洲法院已经宣布帕尔玛这个名称就像其他类似的称谓一样只能用于真正的帕尔玛奶酪。对我们来说这一点至关重要。它代表了历史性的一项司法裁决宣布欧盟范围之内所有虚假的冠名都是禁止的。”

But in many other countries, including the United States, Canada and Brazil, the name parmesan is often used for similar cheeses that are produced in a cheaper and faster way. Since the 2012 earthquake that hit the Emilia region, more of these cheeses have been produced overseas than in Italy, and they have reached Italian markets.

但在包括美国、加拿大、巴西等许多其他国家在内,帕玛森奶酪通常都有很多同名兄弟，而这些产品生产快捷，而且价格更为便宜。自2012年伊米莉亚地区发生地震以来, 这些仿冒奶酪比意大利的原产还要远销海外,而且已经进入意大利市场。

Parma ham producers also complain.  

帕尔玛火腿生产商也因此抱怨连连。

"Our ham is a product that also has some problems related to fakes," said Carlo Leporati, marketing director for the Parma Ham Consortium. "But the biggest problem, mostly abroad but also in Italy, is the misuse of the 'Parma ham' appellation. ... The use of these names suggests that the products come from Italy and from the Parma area."  

“我们的火腿产品也面临着一些假货问题。但最严重的,主要是在国外，同样意大利市场也面临着的问题是打着帕尔玛火腿的名号,在国外他们称之为意大利奶酪。但挂这些名号就表明产品是来自意大利和帕尔马地区。”

The European Union is working to widen marketing protection for foods from specific regions, such as Italy's Parma ham, France's Roquefort cheese, Portugal's Madeira wine and many others. The debate on the scope of these geographical indications has pitted the 28-nation bloc against the United States, Australia, Argentina and others in global trade talks.

欧盟正为各个区域的特色食品努力扩大市场保护,如意大利的帕尔玛火腿,法国的羊乳干酪奶酪,葡萄牙的马德拉葡萄酒及许多其他产品。这些地理起源的讨论范围已经由28个国家组成的欧盟同美国,澳大利亚、阿根廷和全球其他国家贸易谈判之间的对抗。

The argument that "parmesan" is a common noun, rather than an indication of origin, has been dismissed by the European courts. But for Parma food producers and exporters, this is not enough.

有关“帕尔玛奶酪”是一种常见的名词,而非地区特色的争论已经被欧洲法院驳回。但对帕尔玛食品生产商和出口商而言,这还远远不够。