1. 青少年：juvenile, teenager, adolescent

　　造句练习：家长和老师应该鼓励青少年参加课外活动。

　　参考答案：Parents and teachers are expected to encourage adolescents to take part in extra-curricular activities .

　　2. 素质教育quality-oriented education

　　造句练习：随着素质教育的发展，越来越多的人开始关注青少年的心理健康。

　　参考答案：As quality-oriented education develops, people increasingly pay attention to adolescent psychology.

　　3. 学习成绩 academic achievement

　　造句练习：学习成绩不能成为评价学生的唯一标准。

　　参考答案：Academic achievement connote be considered as the sole criterion when a student is assessed.

　　4. 培养独立的意识

　　造句练习：家长应该培养孩子独立的意识。

　　参考答案：Parents should cultivate children's awareness of independence.