这种看法多么有意思，多么激动人心。我们也许只是几百万个高等文明社会中的一个。不幸的是，空间浩瀚，据测算，任何两个文明社会之间的平均距离至少在200光年。为了让你有个清楚的概念，光这么说还不行，还要作更多的解释。

　　It means for a start that even if these beings know we are here and are somehow able to see us in their telescopes, they're watching light that left Earth two hundred years ago. So they're not seeing you and me. They're watching the French Revolution and Thomas Jefferson and people in silk stockings and powdered wigs—people who don't know what an atom is, or a gene, and who make their electricity by rubbing a rod of amber with a piece of fur and think that's quite a trick. Any message we receive from them is likely to begin "Dear Sire," and congratulate us on the handsomeness of our horses and our mastery of whale oil. Two hundred light-years is a distance so far beyond us as to be, well, just beyond us.

　　首先，这意味着，即使那些生物知道我们在这里，而且能从望远镜里看到我们，他们所看到的也只是200年以前离开地球的光。因此，他们看到的不是你和我。他们看到的是法国大革命、托马斯·杰斐逊以及穿长丝袜、戴假发套的人--是不懂得什么是原子或什么是基因的人，是用一块毛皮摩擦琥珀棒生电、认为这挺好玩的人。我们收到这些观察者发来的电文，很可能以"亲爱的大人"开头，祝贺我们牵着骏马，能够熟练地使用鲸油。200光年是如此遥远的距离，我们简直无法想像。

　　So even if we are not really alone, in all practical terms we are. Carl Sagan calculated the number of probable planets in the universe at large at 10 billion trillion—a number vastly beyond imagining. But what is equally beyond imagining is the amount of space through which they are lightly scattered. "If we were randomly inserted into the universe," Sagan wrote, "the chances that you would be on or near a planet would be less than one in a billion trillion trillion." (That's 1033, or a one followed by thirty-three zeroes.) "Worlds are precious."因此，即使我们其实并不孤单，实际上我们还是很孤单。卡尔·萨根推算，宇宙里有可能存在生命的行星多达100万亿亿颗--这个数字远远超出我们的想像力。但是，同样超出我们想像力的，是它们所散落的宇宙的范围。"要是我们被随意塞进宇宙，"萨根写道，"你在一颗行星上或靠近一颗行星的可能性不足十亿亿亿亿分之一（即10－33）。世界是很宝贵的。"Which is why perhaps it is good news that in February 1999 the International Astronomical Union ruled officially that Pluto is a planet. The universe is a big and lonely place. We can do with all the neighbors we can get.

　　因此，这也许是好消息：1999年2月，国际天文学联合会正式裁定，冥王星是一颗行星。宇宙是个又大又寂寞的地方。我们能有多少个邻居就要多少个邻居。