濒危动物重新野放回归自然可能引发不良后果（在线收听）

濒危动物重新野放回归自然可能引发不良后果

Wild horses, oxen and reindeer are returning to Seberia for the first time in 10000 years.

这是10000年来野马、野牛及驯鹿首次回到西伯利亚。

Their new home is Pleistocene Park, where a process called rewilding.

它们的新家园是更新世公园，这里正在进行一项名为“野放计划”的项目。

Russian scientist Sergey Zimov is recreating an eco-system from the ice age.

俄罗斯科学家斯格里·希莫夫正在重新创造冰河时期的生态系统。

"Horse, musk ox, reindeer will break the bushes. They will eat them. They will fertilize the soil. The grass will begin to grow. There most of the trees will dry up, and there will be meadowlands of steppe vegetation.”

“马、麝牛、驯鹿会破坏这些灌木。它们以这些为食。这会给土壤施肥。草会开始生长。而随着树木干枯，那里会出现充满草原植被的 草地。”

But that goal is a long way off.

不过，要实现这一目标还有很长的一段路要走。

Currently, the park supports fewer than 200 animals.

目前，这座公园只有不到200只动物。

In a study journal Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen's David Nogues warns against rewilding without greater understanding of the consequences.

而在细胞生物学期刊的一篇研究中，哥本哈根大学的大卫·弩格斯警告称反对不考量后果的盲目野生化。

"To understand in which way the ecosystem works, how it might react when you introduce a new species, what are the economic costs of rewilding compared to other more classic conservation approaches.”

“需要了解生态系统的运作方式，要知道在引入一个新物种时生态系统会有何反应，相较其他传统方式，野放计划的经济成本。”

The recovery of wolves in America's Yellowstone National Park is often hailed as a rewilding success story.

美国黄石国家公园的狼群野放经常被视为野放的成功典型例子。

The wolf population has multiplied fivefold since 91 wolves were reintroduced in the park in the mid-1990s.

自20世纪90年代中期这座公园将91头狼重新野放以来，狼群数量已增长5倍。

The animals triggered an unexpected ecological chain reaction that continues today.

而这些动物引发了影响持续至今未曾预期的生态链反应。

The wolves keep the eco way which allows the willows leaves to grow.

狼群维持生态圈，使得柳树叶生长。

The trees provide food and shelter for other animals.

而树木为其他动物提供食物及居所。

While wolves are closely monitored in Yellowstone, their expansion outside the park has angered ranchers.

尽管黄石公园严密监控狼群的一举一动，但它们在公园外的扩张惹怒了农场经营者们。

Cattle losses have increased with the wolf population.

随着狼群数量增长，牛群数量呈现降低。

Rancher Richard Kinkie says he has few options because wolves are federally protected.

农场经营者理查德·基克里表示他别无选择，因为这些狼是受到联邦法律保护的。

“Certainly I would like to see the controls loosened up on us, so we can deal with wolves.”

“我当然希望可以放宽限制，这样我们可以解决狼群问题。”

The University of Copenhagen study argues that the decision makers must consider that best science before implementing any rewilding program.

哥本哈根大学的这项研究认为，决策者必须在任何野放项目实施前考虑最佳技术方案。

It calls on policy makers and the public to first reduce threats to extinction such as climate change, deforestation and invasive species.

这要求决策者及公众首先减少气候变化，森林乱砍乱伐及物种入侵等造成物种灭绝的威胁因素。