His vision of a lunar settlement includes various space-faring nations, all living and working together.

"The Moon village, we would like to combine the capabilities of different space-faring nations, be it robotic or be it human, to look also for different activities, be it pure science, be it also business, even tourism, or mining or whatever, to put them together on the same place, and this is the idea of the Moon village."

月球村

Woerner sees a permanent lunar base as the next logical step, particularly following successful collaboration between space enabled countries on the International Space Station.

"The idea is that the different actors, the different players worldwide, they look in their special capabilities, and their special interests, and they bring just their small part into the idea. That means we can start with a small landing mission, which many countries are already planning, up to a huge investment for instance for some telescope, radio telescope, on the far side of the Moon. So it's multiple uses by multiple users, but a single place."

But how could you build such structures so far away from Earth?

One idea is to use the Moon's own natural resources to build and sustain a lunar base.

Roaming rovers could gather ice, metals and minerals to 3D print a structure or building.

A rover would land on the surface, inflate a dome, and then begin constructing a building to protect it and the astronauts inside.

Woerner hopes establishing a lunar base will allow experts to set up a radio telescope on the far side of the moon, shielded from radio pollution from Earth.

Astronauts could also be sent to the Moon's pole regions, where unmanned missions have previously found water ice.

He says as more nations make plans to return to the Moon, the need for a permanent base will grow.

"The first step is already done. The first step is that we are discussing it and there are several member states of ESA, but also outside ESA, which are interested in doing some missions to Moon. So we have also from ESA we have a cooperation together with the Russians for some Moon landing ideas. So, all of these now have to be in a further discussion process, come together. So it's started already. "

China has long advocated collaboration in space research, and a mission to the moon to collect samples is scheduled for later this year.

China is also well on the way to launching a manned space station into low Earth orbit in the coming years.

For CRI, I'm Xie Cheng.