莱尔在《原理》中使用了新的单位，叫做"世"或"段"来涵盖恐龙以后的时代，其中有更新世（"最近"）、上新世（"较近"）、中新世（"颇近"）和意思很含糊的渐新世（"有点儿近"）。

Nowadays, and speaking very generally, geological time is divided first into four great chunks known as eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic (from the Greek meaning "old life"), Mesozoic ("middle life"), and Cenozoic ("recent life"). These four eras are further divided into anywhere from a dozen to twenty subgroups, usually called periods though sometimes known as systems. Most of these are also reasonably well known: Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Silurian, and so on.

如今，一般来说，地质时代划分为四大块，叫做"代"：前寒武纪、古生代（源自希腊文，意为"古代生命"）、中生代（"中期生命"）和新生代（"新的生命"）。这4个代又分为12-20个部分，通常叫做"纪"，有时候也称"系"。其中大多数是大家比较熟悉的：白垩纪、侏罗纪、三叠纪、志留纪等等。