英语名人堂：莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地（在线收听）

莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地（1869年10月2日－1948年1月30日），尊称圣雄甘地，是印度民族解放运动的领导人和印度国家大会党领袖。他是现代印度的国父，也是提倡非暴力抵抗的现代政治学说——甘地主义的创始人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的“非暴力”的哲学思想，影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取能以和平变革的国际运动。[1] 

Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi was India’s most important political and spiritual leader. He is honoured in India as Father of the Nation. His non-violent protests led to independence for India from the British. His beliefs and actions have inspired civil rights movements across the globe. He is an icon of world peace. His birthday, 2nd October, is commemorated worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence.

Gandhi was born in Gujarat, Western India, in 1869. He grew up surrounded by religious traditions of compassion, vegetarianism, and tolerance for all people. He got married at the age of 13. When he was 19, he went to London to study law. He returned to India to practice as a lawyer but was hampered by British officials, so he accepted a job in South Africa.

In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination and hardship wherever he went. He was treated as a third-class citizen by white people. This awakened in him questions about social justice and the role of the British in India. He returned to India in 1915, ready to put to work the concept of passive resistance he developed in South Africa.

Between 1916 and 1945, Gandhi campaigned tirelessly to set India free from British rule. He started by leading protests against British taxes and landlords, and walked across India encouraging non-cooperation with the British. He was arrested and imprisoned for creating unrest. Gandhi's fame spread all over the nation. He was assassinated in 1948. Two years later, India became an independent republic.