LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:

This fall, Germans will celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall coming down, marking the end of the Cold War and the end of a divided Germany. Yet a generation later, many Germans are still conflicted about their former communist half. That's certainly the case in the country's smallest state capital, which is home to perhaps the last statue in Germany of Soviet Union founder Vladimir Lenin. NPR's Berlin correspondent Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson recently visited that monument. She has this report.

SORAYA SARHADDI NELSON, BYLINE: It's easy to miss the controversial bronze statue. It stands in front of a Soviet style apartment high-rise here in the East German city of Schwerin. Far removed from the ornate city center, this 13-foot tall depiction of Lenin has him looking relaxed. His hands are tucked in his coat pockets and he's gazing off into the distance. But an angry message is scrawled in red paint across the sidewalk at his feet. In German it reads - Lenin stays.

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: (German spoken).

NELSON: An elderly resident, hobbling past with a walker, mistakes me for a protester and scolds me to leave the statue alone. She says he doesn't bother me. Many others agree with her. They say they can't understand why anyone wants one of the last Lenin statues in Western Europe torn down. One of them is Angelika Gramkow, the mayor of Schwerin. She's determined to see the monument say. She says it's artwork that reflects an important period in the city's eight and a half century history. If the city has to keep shelling out to blast away graffiti and chase off vandals, so be it.

MAYOR ANGELUIKA GRAMKOW: (Through translator) You see him and ask - why is there a Lenin statue still here? What was it he actually stood for? This is the kind of debate that a public work of art makes possible. It won't change the way people think just by getting rid of a monument.

NELSON: But she lost a recent court case, brought by opponents of the statue, who sought to cover its head with a hood for three hours. Several dozen out-of-town protesters did so three weeks ago. The organizer was Hanufa resident Alexander Bauersfeld. He's 66 and was a political prisoner in the former East Germany.

ALEXANDER BAUERSFELD: (German spoken).

NELSON: Bauersfeld says putting Lenin like a prisoner was meant to get people thinking about his crimes. He said they wanted to make it clear to the areas officials that it's not acceptable to leave them a monument to the founder of the Soviet Union standing. Schwerin resident Anne Drescher agrees. She's the archivist in charge of local documents and files related to the former East German Stasi, or secret police. Drescher recalls how the Schwerin Council almost voted to tear down the Lenin statue in 2007.

ANNE DRESCHER: (German spoken).

NELSON: She says Estonian sculptor Jaak Soans, who made the monument, offered seven years ago to melt the statue and use the bronze to build another sculpture. But the City Council refused. Instead, it added a small sign to the monument, addressing Lenin's more controversial history. Drescher calls the tablet laughable and an insult to East German victims of Soviet terror, murder and oppression. She hopes the short protest last month will lead to further debate, if not a vote, to remove the statue. But, she says, it's unlikely Schwerin residents will lead those discussion.

DRESCHER: (German spoken).

NELSON: Drescher says that's because there's too much fear here of being branded a pariah by one's neighbors. She explains many former East Germans still believe that anyone who was imprisoned had it coming. But Mayor Gramkow believes there's another reason why residents won't protest - East German pride. She says too many wounds remain from reunification. Many citizens of the former German Democratic Republic still don't feel they are treated as equals by their Western counterparts, the mayor explains, and that their history is being stripped away from them.

GRAMKOW: (Through translator) I'm a child of the GDR, and a lot of who I am comes from that. I also learned that an undemocratic society is not good. But that legacy is something all sides can learn to deal with without revising history.

NELSON: Gramkow says that you change street names and tear down monuments, but the history remains Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, NPR News.