美国国家公共电台 NPR What Happens When U.S. Immigration Rules Tighten? Let's Look To Alabama（在线收听）

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

President Trump is clamping down on illegal immigration. And the state of Alabama might offer some clues about what exactly this will mean. In 2011, it passed what was called the toughest immigration law in the country. There were intended and unintended consequences. Dan Carsen of member station WBHM in Birmingham reports.

DAN CARSEN, BYLINE: This is a middle schooler just outside Birmingham in 2011.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD: I think they going to come into our house and come and kick the door. And they going to take my mom and dad.

CARSEN: This is a college senior just outside Birmingham last week.

FERNANDA HERRERA: I don't know if I'm going to see my parents tomorrow.

CARSEN: Fernanda Herrera's father crossed the Mexican border illegally when she was 2. She and her mom flew in months later with visas now expired. The Samford University honors student is covered under DACA, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. So for now, she likely won't be deported. But she's scared.

HERRERA: It's supposed to be a happy time. I'm about to graduate from college, the first in my family to do so. And my parents have worked so hard to get me through these four years. And knowing how detention centers are and thinking about my parents having to go through that, knowing that my family could be separated, it's just really difficult.

CARSEN: Her family also feared that in 2011. Alabama had enacted a law that, among other things, nullified contracts, leases, water service, anything and even made it a crime to give a ride to someone in the country illegally. The law's authors said the goal was to attack every aspect of life. Herrera sees something similar happening nationally now. But she hopes the U.S. will learn from Alabama.

HERRERA: They'll see in time that attacking a community is not the way to have immigration reform happen. Because, I mean, here in Alabama, we fought back. And we had a lot of that repealed.

CARSEN: Suits by advocacy groups and the Justice Department blocked much of the law, including a requirement that schools check students' immigration status. But that was after farmers' crops rotted and other industries lost labor and business as families fled the state. Jeremy Love is an immigration lawyer who says he's feeling deja vu.

JEREMY LOVE: There's a lot of fear going on right now. I have had people say they want to do a phone consultation rather than come to my office because they're afraid of going out of their house.

CARSEN: He predicts mass deportations will hurt the U.S. economy and trigger legal backlash similar to what happened in Alabama. He has more immediate concerns for his clients, though.

LOVE: People are leaving a very dangerous situation in their home country.

CARSEN: State Representative Jack Williams agrees, but isn't swayed. The co-sponsor of the 2011 Alabama law thinks values, not necessarily physical danger, should determine who gets to stay.

JACK WILLIAMS: Today, many people are coming to America from very unstable situations. A hundred years ago, people came to America because they wanted to be Americans.

CARSEN: He says his stance against illegal immigration is principle, not personal.

WILLIAMS: I think there is a richness that we enjoy from the diversity that comes from people coming from around the world. And I'm not opposed or afraid of immigrants. I just would like to see us follow the law. I think that gives everybody a clear roadmap on how we should operate as a civil society.

CARSEN: If Alabama is any indication, that road map could include hard to gauge economic disruption and detours for costly court battles over how immigration laws are enforced. For NPR News, I'm Dan Carsen in Birmingham.

(SOUNDBITE OF ALLAH-LAS' "FERUS GALLERY")