译文：人落水时，救生衣能否在正确的位置支撑起落水者十分重要，同样重要的是，即使是在人没有力气或是在陷入昏迷的情况下，救生衣也能使面朝下的落水者在水中站起来，或是身体稍微向后仰，使脸离开水面。

　　分析：整句话的主干是The position is most important,as is its tendency to...即由主句和as引导的非限制性定语从句组成。具体看来，主句the position后是介词+which引导的定语从句，position在定语从句中作in的宾语，因此把in提前到which前。in which定语从句中又有who引导的定语从句修饰a person。as引导的非限制性定语从句中，to turn the wearer from...to...是不定式短语作定语修饰its tendency，with his face clear of the water作伴随状语，最后是when引导的时间状语从句。

　　11. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim. (1991. 阅读. Text 1)

　　译文：合身的救生衣任何时候，无论在不在水中，都应该让穿着者感到舒服，既不会十分笨重，让人在船只遇险时不得不脱下救生衣求生，也不应限制落水者游泳自救的灵活性。

　　分析：复合句。主句A suitable life perserver should be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water作地点状语，not so heavy as to encourage...，nor so burdensome是形容词作伴随，包含句型not...，nor...;while the ship is in danger作时间状语从句，而nor后包含短语so...that...。

　　12. This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work. (1991. 阅读. Text 2)

　　译文：这种假设是基于这样一种谬论：人的天性中就存在遗传惰性。而事实上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日，无所用心。

　　分析：句子主干是This assumption rests on……;aside from……，there would be very few who would……，and who would……。分号连接两个并列分句。在第二个分句中，介问短语aside from abnormally(特别地)lazy people作状语，主句是一个there be存在句，包含两个并列的由关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰few.Rest on在此意为“依据”。aside from相当于“except”，译为“除了”。

　　13. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 3)

　　译文：如果你彻底无知的话，那么无知也就不是那么糟糕。困难的是人们详细了解无知的实际情况——最差的方面以及各处并不太差的方面，但并不了解这种困难根本没有结束的迹象，甚至还没有可以信赖的任何解决问题的途径。

　　分析：句子的主干是it is not so bad being ignorant if...;the hard thing is knowing the reality…but no true light……nor even any tunnels……分号连接两个并列分句。前面的分句句首it为形式主语，真正的主语为being ignorant;if引导条件状语从句。后一分句的is knowing…和no true light…nor even any tunnels由but连接做系表谓语;句尾that引导的定语从句修饰tunnels.

　　14. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 4)

　　译文：多年来，生活、工作、交通、娱乐分离的理论，一直被用于城市乡镇规划中，在我看来，这会造成人们过度关注远离居民区的娱乐方式，，然而却很少有人关注家附近消遣方式的改善。

　　分析：复合句。主句是The theoretical seperation of... resulted in disproportionate attention,其中，recreation后有which引导的定语从句which has been used in town-and-country planning。逗号后，whereas为从属连词，引导表示对比或与主句意思相反的状语从句，比较正式。

　　15. The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you. (1991. 阅读. 12月. Text 4)

　　译文：如果你不能在街区里悠闲地散步，如果孩子们因为巨大的交通危险性而不能在街道上玩耍，如果在购物时找不到一处可以欣赏一会美景的地点，如果只是在临街门关上之后才觉得自己身在家中，那么再好的生活条件都毫无价值。

　　分析：汉语中的排比句能够增强文中的感情色彩，加强语气，英语中也同样如此。主句The very best standard of living is nothing, 后面是四个并列的if条件状语从句，具体来说，第四个是前三个的总结。其中，第二个条件状语从句中，又包含because引导的原因状语从句。