美国国家公共电台 NPR Snow-Making For Skiing During Warm Winters Comes With Environmental Cost（在线收听）

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

The Winter Olympics are in full swing, and sports like cross-country skiing are getting some time to shine. But you might not be able to tell it's cross-country season if you are in Colorado. Blades of grass and patches of dirt still dot cross-country trails in parts of the state. And that's put some professionals in a tough spot. Their livelihoods depend on snow, but because of climate change, more and more of that snow is manmade. And as Aspen Public Radio's Elizabeth Stewart-Severy reports, that comes with an environmental cost.

ELIZABETH STEWART-SEVERY, BYLINE: Simi Hamilton is one of the fastest cross-country skiers in the world. And before the snow fell this season, he hit the pavement in his hometown of Aspen on roller skis. Training without snow is something Hamilton is getting used to. Year after year, he watches the snow line move further up the mountains.

SIMI HAMILTON: We would be in the high Alps at 6,000 feet trying to train in the middle of January and we'd still be training on just like a 2-foot deep platform of manmade snow. And there's just green grass right next to the trails.

STEWART-SEVERY: A missed turn on this ribbon of snow means skiers get grass stains, and that's the new reality of cross-country skiing. Warming temperatures mean a later start to winter. Even after winter hits, more precipitation is falling as rain, rather than snow. Auden Schendler is vice president for sustainability at Aspen Skiing Company. He says the lack of snow means ski areas have to fill in Mother Nature's gaps.

AUDEN SCHENDLER: There's not a whole lot a ski resort can do other than buff out snowmaking.

STEWART-SEVERY: This means most of the snow that cross-country skiers race on is artificial. Resorts and cross-country race venues across the world blow huge piles of manmade snow. They truck it across the landscape to create skiable terrain and even store manufactured snow through the summer months. This sets up a tricky situation. A warming climate is undeniably detrimental to the ski industry, but Schendler says the manmade snow solution is just a bandaid and one that actually aggravates the problem.

SCHENDLER: So you're using a very energy-intensive fix to deal with a changing climate, and the fix cannibalizes the very climate you care about.

ELIZABETH BURAKOWSKI: It is a challenge for a professional athlete to, say, walk the walk when it comes to carbon emissions and reducing their carbon footprint.

STEWART-SEVERY: Elizabeth Burakowski studies changes in winter climate at the University of New Hampshire. She says more resorts are making more snow than ever before. But snowmaking technology is becoming more efficient. And, Burakowski says, in terms of global greenhouse gas emissions...

BURAKOWSKI: It's probably a drop in the bucket.

STEWART-SEVERY: Still, some athletes, like Olympic cross-country skiing Noah Hoffman, are aware that every drop counts.

NOAH HOFFMAN: We see the changes to the climate on a yearly basis, and yet, we're burning huge amounts of fossil fuels flying from venue to venue. And then the snow that we ski on is incredibly energy intensive.

STEWART-SEVERY: Hoffman tries to offset the harm caused by his Olympic skiing dream by speaking out on environmental issues.

HOFFMAN: I don't know how to settle those two sides of the coin in my own mind.

STEWART-SEVERY: But he thinks it starts with acknowledging his own role in contributing to the problem. For NPR News, I'm Elizabeth Stewart-Severy in Aspen.

MARTIN: We should add that Simi Hamilton and Noah Hoffman are both competing in the Winter Olympics Games in South Korea. But it's been tough going for Team USA and cross-country skiing at least. No one on the men's or women's side has won a medal yet.