科学家创造大脑的“社交网络”分享思想（在线收听）

Scientists Create ‘Social Network’ of Brains to Share Thoughts

There have been many books written and movies made describing the ability of people to communicate through thoughts.

While this idea has not been demonstrated in reality, physicists and neuroscientists have reported some progress in recent years.

Now, scientists say they successfully connected the brains of three people who were able to send thoughts to each other. A group of researchers reported their new findings in a scientific paper posted on the internet.

The scientists – from the University of Washington and Carnegie Mellon University - say they believe their experiment is the very first of its kind. The team used electronic tools to complete the test of brain-to-brain communication.

It was not the first time this same group of researchers connected different human brains, MIT Technology Review reports. In 2015, they used similar equipment to link up the brains of two people. Part of that experiment involved the two test subjects playing a simple word game, the publication said.

The group calls its new project BrainNet. It described the system as the first “direct brain-to-brain interface” designed to help people cooperate in problem solving.

In the experiment, the scientists said only brain-to-brain communication was used as the three individuals played a video game together. The game was a simplified version of the video game Tetris, which became hugely popular in the 1980s. In the game, players try to match colored blocks falling onto a puzzle.

How it works

Two kinds of electronic devices were worn by people taking part in the experiment. Electroencephalograms, or EEGs were used to record electrical brain activity of subjects. The other, called transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS, is a process that magnetically stimulates a part of the brain. This was used to send information to others involved in the experiment.

During the game, two players were chosen as “senders” and a third as a “receiver.” The senders had brain signals “decoded” using real-time EEG information. The decoding process recorded each sender’s decisions about suggested moves in the game. The sending and receiving of information was carried out by the subjects looking at different forms of light.

The decisions were then transmitted through the internet to the brain of the receiver, who could not see the video game. The receiver then uses the information from the senders to decide on what game moves to make. An additional part of the game provided a second chance for senders to examine the receiver’s decision and send feedback to the receiver’s brain.

The researchers said experiments were carried out with five different groups, each with three human subjects. They reported all the groups were able to use BrainNet to perform the game moves with a success rate of 81 percent.

The scientists added noise to one sender’s signal to test whether that would affect the receiver’s responses. They reported that the receivers learned to recognize the most reliable senders by using only the information transmitted to their brains.

The researchers wrote that the results “raise the possibility of future brain-to-brain interfaces that enable cooperative problem solving by humans using a ‘social network’ of connected brains.”

I’m Bryan Lynn.

Words in This Story

interface – n. connection between two pieces of electronic equipment

puzzle – n. a game or activity in which places have to put pieces together or answer questions using skill

stimulate – v. make something happen or develop

decode – v. discover the meaning of something

transmit – v. send out

reliable – adj. able to be trusted or believed

possibility – n. a chance something may happen or be true

enable – v. make it possible for someone to do something