2019年经济学人 一周要闻 日产大规模裁员 特朗普再批美联储 福特叫板特斯拉（在线收听）

South Africa’s finance minister laid out plans to provide Eskom, which generates most of the country’s electricity, with another rescue, this time worth 59bn rand ($4.2bn). Moody’s, a credit-rating agency, said that because the embattled utility is ever more dependent on bail-outs it would regard Eskom’s debt as part of the government’s.

南非财政部长提出了向Eskom提供另一项援助的计划，这次的援助价值590亿兰特(合42亿美元)。Eskom为南非提供了大部分电力。信用评级机构穆迪表示，由于这家陷入困境的国有企业越来越依赖纾困，它将把Eskom的债务视为政府债务的一部分。

The Federal Reserve took the unusual step of qualifying the remarks of a senior official to reassure markets that they had not been made in relation to the central bank’s forthcoming decision on interest rates. Speculation that the Fed might cut its benchmark rate by half a percentage point, rather than a quarter, mounted after John Williams, who heads the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, said that he supports aggressive easing. Donald Trump, a critic of the Fed’s recent monetary tightening, seized on the remarks, saying they underlined its “faulty thought process”.

美联储(FED)采取了不同寻常的措施，对一位高级官员的言论进行了限定，以安抚市场，并称这些言论并非针对美联储即将做出的利率决定。纽约联邦储备银行行长约翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)表示支持激进的宽松政策后，有关美联储可能将基准利率下调0.5个而不是0.25个百分点的猜测迅速升温。批评美联储最近收紧货币政策的特朗普(Donald Trump)利用这番言论做文章，称其凸显出美联储“错误的思维过程”。

Costs related to the overhaul of its business pushed Deutsche Bank to a 3.2bn euros ($3.5bn) net loss in the second quarter, its biggest quarterly loss in four years. The German bank booked about half of a restructuring charge it will take as it retreats from trading and slashes 18,000 jobs over the next three years.

受业务重组相关成本的拖累，德意志银行第二季度净亏损32亿欧元(合35亿美元)，为4年来最大的季度亏损。这家德国银行计入了约一半的重组费用。未来三年，该行将退出交易业务，并裁减1.8万个岗位。

Nissan confirmed it would cut 12,500 jobs worldwide, or 10% of its workforce, by 2022, as it curtails capacity. The Japanese carmaker has struggled in recent years. Profit in the latest quarter fell by 95% compared with the same three months last year, to ￥6.4bn ($58m).

日产证实，由于削减产能，到2022年，该公司将在全球裁员1.25万人，占员工总数的10%。这家日本汽车制造商近年来举步维艰。其最近一个季度的盈利较去年同期下降了95%，仅64亿日元(约5800万美元)。

General Motors delayed the large-scale roll-out of its autonomous-car ride-hailing service, which it has developed in collaboration with Cruise, its self-driving-car unit. It had hoped to deploy a fleet of robotaxis on the roads of San Francisco by the end of this year, but the launch has been delayed indefinitely. GM, like its competitors, is still dealing with technical obstacles and unresolved regulatory questions.

通用汽车推迟了其自主汽车叫车服务的大规模推出计划。该服务是通用汽车与其自动驾驶汽车子公司克鲁斯(Cruise)合作开发的。该公司曾希望于今年年底前在旧金山的道路上布置一支机器人出租车队，但这一计划被无限期推迟。与竞争对手一样，通用汽车仍在应对技术障碍和尚未解决的监管问题。

In the week when Tesla dismayed investors with another disappointing quarterly earnings report, Ford unveiled an electric-powered prototype of its f-150 pickup truck in response to a claim by Elon Musk that Tesla’s rival model would have better “functionality”. Ford’s f-series pickups are the best-selling cars in America. In a show of strength, its prototype pulled a freight train for 1,000 feet, a direct challenge to Mr Musk’s boast about the better performance of his new vehicle.

上周，特斯拉(Tesla)发布了又一份令人失望的季度业绩报告，令投资者大失所望。福特(Ford)发布了一款f-150皮卡电动原型车，来回应对埃隆·马斯克声称特斯拉的竞争款车型将拥有更好的“性能”。福特的f系列皮卡是美国最畅销的汽车。为了彰显自身实力，福特的这辆原型车拉着一列货运列车行驶了1000英尺(约合4300米)，“隔空叫板”马斯克，后者曾吹嘘其新车性能更佳。